萎凋処理と NAA, IAA および TTP の葉面散布がグレインソルガムの茎葉や穀実の収量におよぼす影響

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To investigate the comparative effects of wilting treatments and foliar spray applications of growth hormones on the grain and fodder yields of grain sorghum, pot experiment was carried out in the Nagoya University Experimental Farm under glasshouse conditions in 1978. The seeds of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrid H-726 were sowed on June 8 in 1/2000 a Wagner's pot. The soil was fertilized with N-P-K fertilizer prior to planting using 2g urea, 10g fused phosphatic fertilizer and 6g potassium chloride respectively. Two gram urea was applied as additional fertilizer at both 6 leaf stage and heading stage. The first wilting and 10 days drought were imposed at the respective growth stages. The growth hormones, NAA and IAA at concentration of 100 ppm each and TTP as IAA precursors at 100 ppm were applied as foliar spray application at 6 leaf stage, 12 leaf stage and both 6 and 12 leaf stages. All treatments were irrigated daily in the same manner as the control except in the first wilting and drought treatments when irrigation was suspended at the respective growth stages in order to impose the first wilting and 10 days drought treatments. Heading occurred at the same time on August 2 and the plants were harvested on September 13. The results obtained are as follows : 1. Length of internodes and peduncle and consequently plant height increased in all wilting and drought treatments which was almost similar to that of foliar hormone spray treatments. 2. Growth and grain and fodder yields showed the same trend as in hormone spray and moderate wilting treatments i. e. there was no significant differences between these treatments for leaf area, diameter of internodes, number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weight of panicle and fresh weight of plant. Also the increase in the number of roots per plant and fodder yield were almost the same in these treatments. Size of grains and grain yield increased in moderately wilted plants and decreased in hormone spray treatments, however no significant differences existed between treatments for total dry matter of plant. 3. Growth and grain and fodder yields appreciably decreased under repeated drought and wilting conditions due to decreasing leaf area, diameter of internodes, number of leaves and roots per plant, fresh and dry weight of panicle, fresh weight of plant and grain size. 4. Nitrogen content in grain and fodder and percent crude protein in grain increased in drought and wilting treatments than in control, while there was no differences between hormone spray treatments and control. Nitrogen content in grain and fodder and percent crude protein in grain also increased under repeated drought and wilting conditions i. e. severe soil water stress. The results of our previous water culture experiments showed that the higher protein content in grain and fodder was obtained under high level of nitrogen application and optimum nitrogen application to obtain maximum protein content of grain and fodder was much higher than for maximum grain and fodder yield. Hence the increase in protein content in grain and fodder under repeated drought and wilting conditions seems to be caused by the high concentration of nitrogen in the soil under severe soil water stress. No differences existed between treatments for percent crude starch in grain. 5. Artificial NAA, natural IAA and its precursors TTP, similarly caused an acceleration in growth. Because growth and yield almost showed a similar trend in hormone spray and moderate wilting treatments it seems that there was an increase in growth stimulator hormones during suspended watering, and after rewatering the extra hormones caused an acceleration in growth and subsequently increasing the grain and fodder yields in moderately wilted plants.
日本作物学会の論文
1979-07-31

萎凋処理と NAA, IAA および TTP の葉面散布がグレインソルガムの茎葉や穀実の収量におよぼす影響

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