Flower Colors and their Anthocyanins in Matthiola incana Cultivars (Brassicaceae)

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概要

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• The flower colors and anthocyanin constitution of eight cultivars of Vintage series bedding Stock (Matthiola incana) were surveyed to determine the relation between their flower colors and anthocyanin components. Thirteen anthocyanins were isolated from the flowers of these cultivars as major anthocyanins, and their structures were identified by chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Among them, a novel anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-caffeoyl-sambubioside-5-malonyl-glucoside (pigment 1) was found in single and double flowers in cultivars of ‘Vintage Lavender’ and ‘Vintage Burgundy’. Furthermore, two anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-p-coumaroyl-sambubioside-5-malonyl-glucoside (pigment 2) and cyanidin 3-feruloyl-sambubioside-5-malonyl-glucoside (pigment 3), were also found in these cultivars for the first time in Matthiola incana flowers. Regarding the flower color variation in these cultivars, the hue values (b*/a*) of these flower colors were roughly responsible for the numbers of hydroxycinnamic acid residues in anthocyanin molecules and also hydroxyl patterns of the B-ring in anthocyanidins. These flower colors were classified into eight groups, A–H, based on the hue values of their flowers, and were arranged as follows. In violet flowers (hue values b*/a* = −0.66 and −0.69, V 84A) of group A, cyanidin 3-dihydroxycinnamoyl-sambubioside-5-malonyl-glucosides were major anthocyanin pigments. In purple flowers (−0.43 and −0.45, P 75A) and red-purple flowers (−0.14 and −0.16, RP 74A) of groups B and D, pelargonidin 3-dihydroxycinnamoyl-sambubioside-5-malonyl-glucosides were major anthocyanin pigments. In red-purple flowers (−0.21 and −0.24, RP 72A) of group C, cyanidin 3-monohydroxycinnamoyl-sambubioside-5-malonyl-glucosides were major anthocyanin pigments. In red flowers (0.05 and 0.06, RP 66A) of group E, pelargonidin 3-monohydroxycinnamoyl-sambubioside-5-malonyl-glucosides were major anthocyanin pigments. In copper (0.23 and 0.16, R 54A) and peach (2.37 and 2.09, R38C) of groups F and G, pelargonidin 3-glucoside was a major anthocyanin pigment, and a small amount of pelargonidin 3-glucoside was present in yellow flowers of group H. From these results, the relation between flower colors and the bluing effects of acylated anthocyanins with hydroxycinnamic acids was discussed in flowers of Matthiola incana cultivars of Vintage series.花壇用ストックであるビンテージシリーズの 8 品種の花色とアントシアニンの関係を調査し，13 種類のアントシアニンを化学およびスペクトル分析により同定した．これらのうち，‘ビンテージラベンダー’と‘ビンテージバーガンディー’の一重と八重の花から得られたシアニジン 3-カフェオイル-サンブビオシド-5-マロニル-グルコシド（色素 1）が新規アントシアニンであった．シアニジン 3-p-クマロイル-サンブビオシド-5-マロニル-グルコシド（色素 2）とシアニジン 3-フェルロイル-サンブビオシド-5-マロニル-グルコシド（色素 3）の 2 つのアントシアニンはストックのアントシアニンとしては初めて同定された．ストックの花色（特に色調：b*/a*）は 8 つのグループに分けられ，アントシアニンに結合するケイ皮酸の数とアントシアニジンの B 環の水酸基の数の両方の影響によるところが大きいと考えられた．青紫色の花色（グループ A，b*/a* = −0.66 と −0.69，V 84A）はシアニジン 3-ジ-ケイ皮酸-サンブビオシド-5-マロニル-グルコシドが主要アントシアニンとして，紫色（グループ B，b*/a* = −0.43 と −0.45，P 75A）と赤紫色（グループ D，b*/a* = −0.16 と−0.14，RP 74A）の花色はペラルゴニジン 3-ジ-ケイ皮酸-サンブビオシド-5-マロニル-グルコシドが主要アントシアニンとして，赤紫色（グループ C，b*/a* = −0.24 と −0.21，RP 72A）の花色はシアニジン 3-モノ-ケイ皮酸-サンブビオシド-5-マロニル-グルコシドが主要アントシアニンとして，赤色（グループ E，b*/a* = 0.06 と 0.05，RP 66A）の花色はペラルゴニジン 3-モノ-ケイ皮酸-サンブビオシド-5-マロニル-グルコシドが主要アントシアニンとして，銅色（グループ F，b*/a* = 0.23 と 0.16，R 54A）と桃色（グループ G，b*/a* = 2.37 と 2.09，R 38C）の花色はペラルゴニジン 3-グルコシドが主要アントシアニンとして，そして，黄色（グループ H）の花色では少量のペラルゴニジン 3-グルコシドが含まれていることが明らかになった．これらの結果をもとに，ストックにおける，ケイ皮酸でアシル化したアントシアニンによる花色とその青色化について考察した．

著者

• 齋藤 直樹

  Meiji Pharmaceutical University

• Tatsuzawa Fumi

  Minami‐kyushu Univ. Miyazaki Jpn

• 土岐 健次郎

  南九州大園芸学部

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