突発性難聴の臨床--病因・治療・予後に関する最近の知見

概要

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Sudden deafness (SD) is a type of perceptive deafness that has an abrupt onset of unknown origin. Its etiology has been much discussed and it has been speculated that sudden hearing loss is due to vascular disturbance in the inner ear, viral infection, labyrinthine window rupture, and cochlear hydrops, as well as causes.Since SD was designated as a specific disease by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan in 1973, and a research team was organised, studies on SD have rapidly advanced.SD occurs in 3, 000 to 5, 000 people a year in Japan, but this incidence is not high. However, it is particularly noted as one of the most remarkable sensorineural hearing losses, because of hearing recovery in earlier stage.Present study was conducted to clarify etiology, therapy and prognosis.Concerning the etiology, the influence of viral infection seems to be considerably high if not always the primary cause.As for the treatment, the possibility of spontaneous recovery must be taken into consideration in evaluation of the effect of treatment. It is not conclusive which treatment is the best.Among various factors concerning the prognosis, the most important one is the degree of hearing loss on the day after onset by multiple regression analysis.
耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会の論文