Phylogeography and population structure of the Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli, in Japanese waters revealed by mitochondrial DNA

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We investigated genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among three morphologically distinct populations of Dalls porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) in Japanese waters by analyzing mitochondrial DNA variation. These populations, the Sea of Japan-Okhotsk dalli-type population, the truei-type population and the standard dalli-type population in the northwestern North Pacific, are clearly discriminated from each other by differences in the size of their white flank patch. A total of 479 bp of the mitochondrial control region and flanking tRNA genes was sequenced for 103 individuals. Haplotypic diversity was high (h = 0.968), but these haplotypes differed by only a few nucleotides (π = 0.0106). Although many haplotypes were shared between populations, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated genetic subdivision among the three populations (overall F ST = 0.023, P < 0.001; ΦST = 0.026, P = 0.029). Pairwise comparisons indicated a low but significant difference between the Sea of Japan-Okhotsk and the other two populations, whereas there was no significant difference between the latter. These results suggest that there is a close evolutionary relationship among these populations despite their consistent differences in coloration. This may reflect genetic polymorphism in the common ancestral population, which subsequently underwent a rapid divergence. The low genetic variability and haplotypic differentiation of the Sea of Japan-Okhotsk population suggest that it originated from a small population that colonized the Sea of Japan or that experienced population reduction when this Sea was isolated from the North Pacific in the last glacial period.
日本遺伝学会の論文
2003-02-01

Phylogeography and population structure of the Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli, in Japanese waters revealed by mitochondrial DNA

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