Virological surveillance and phylogenetic analysis of the PB2 genes of influenza viruses isolated from wild water birds flying from their nesting lakes in Siberia to Hokkaido, Japan in autumn

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Recent introduction of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in wild birdsfrom poultry in Eurasia signaled the possibility that this virus may perpetuate in nature.Surveillance of avian influenza especially in migratory birds, therefore, has been conductedto provide information on the viruses brought by them to Hokkaido, Japan, from theirnesting lakes in Siberia in autumn. During 2008-2009, 62 influenza viruses of 21 differentcombinations of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were isolated. Up toSeptember 2010, no HPAIV has been found, indicating that H5N1 HPAIV has notperpetuated at least dominantly in the lakes where ducks nest in summer in Siberia. ThePB2 genes of 54 influenza viruses out of 283 influenza viruses isolated in Hokkaido in2000-2009 were phylogenetically analysed. None of the genes showed close relation to thoseof H5N1 HPAIVs that were detected in wild birds found dead in Eurasia on the way back totheir northern territory in spring.