Ecology and epidemiology of anthrax in cattle and humans in Zambia

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Anthrax is endemic in Western and North-western Provinces of Zambia.The disease occurs throughout the year and impacts negatively on the economyof the livestock industry and public health in Zambia. During 1989-1995,there were 1,626 suspected cases of anthrax in cattle in Western province andof these51were confirmed. There were 220 cases of human anthrax cases in1990 alone and 248 cases during 1991-1998 with 19.1% and 7.7% case fatalityrates, respectively. Interplay of the ecology of affected areas and anthropogenicfactors seem to trigger anthrax epidemics. Anthrax has drawn considerableattention in recent years due to its potential use as a biological weapon.In this paper, the history, current status and approaches towards the control ofthe disease in Zambia are discussed. Quarantine measures restrict trade oflivestock and exchange of animals for draught power resulting in poor food securityat household levels. Challenges of anthrax control are complex and compriseof socio-political, economical, environmental and cultural factors. Inadequatefunding, lack of innovative disease control strategies and lack of cooperationfrom stakeholders are the major constraints to the control of the disease. It is hoped that the information provided here will stimulate continuedawareness for the veterinary and medical authorities to maintain their surveillanceand capabilities against the disease. This may lead to a culminatingpositive impact on livestock and human health in the southern African region.
2006-05-31

Ecology and epidemiology of anthrax in cattle and humans in Zambia

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