膀胱上皮細胞ノ伸展性ニ關スル實驗的研究

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The investigation was performed with pieces of body parts of the urinary bladder of healthy adult male rabbits of nearly the same. weight (approximately 2000 gr.). The extensibility of their epithelial cells was observed and measured by means of Chamber's micromanipulator. A. Methode of experiments The findings of the superficial epithelial cells and the. profound epithelial cells of the bladder at 18.0℃ were quite different under the microscope (hanging drop). The former were much larger in size than the latter and sometimes were binuclear. The margin was obviously angular and sunken. The latter, on the contrary, was smaller in size and mononuclear. The margin was not, so evidently angular.The author stung the cell-body with two microneedles of the micromanipulator at the Middle points of the nuclei and the cell-margin and pulled each gently to the utmost elongation. The length of the major axis and the minor axis were measured with a micrometer in the ocular lens, the scale of which was previously determined. The ratio of the amount of the extensibility before and after the examination was accordingly determined. The extensibility of the cell-body, of course, depends upon the quantity of cell-protoplasma. So, the author examined the relation between the area of the surface and the deep dimension of each of fifty superficial and fifty profound cells. And he learned that the area of the surface of the cell became larger in proportion to the deep dimension. The lack of the simultaneous measurement of the deep dimension, as it takes much time, consequently seemed not to cause questionable experimental error. The difference between the length of the major axis and the minor axis of the cells before and after the experiment was divided by their lengths before the examination, and the author named them index of extensibility and index of contraction. B. Results of experiments. 1) Index of extensibility of the superficial cells was 60.5 per cent and that of the profound cells was 145.9 per cent, when pieces of the bladder were soaked in the blood serum of the same rabbit from 1 to 4 hours. 2) Index of extensibility of the superficial cells was 60.6, per cent and that of the profound cells was 127.5 per cent, when pieces of bladder were soaked in Ringer's solution from 1 to 4 hours. 3) Index of extensibility of the superficial cells was 71.4 per cent and that of the profound cells was 89.7 per cent, when pieces of bladder were soaked in the physiological salt- solution from 1 to 4 hours. 4) Index of extensibility of the superficial cells was 74.7 per cent and that of the profound cells was 109.9 per cent, when pieces of the bladder were soaked in distilled water from 1 to 4 hours. 5) The concentractions coefficient of the minor axis and major axis caused by the elongation of the major axis and the minor axis respectively became enlarged and shortend in proportion to the index of extensibility of the Major axis and that of the minor axis. 6) The author adopted only the measurement along the major axis for the experiment, as the measurement along the minor axis caused an irregular elongation and, so, a questionable error. 7) Because the extensibility of the cells must be within physiological limits, the author adopted Ringer's solution as the test-medium. However large the extensibility of the cells in physiological salt solution or in distilled water might be, the tissue in such solutions underwent pathological alteration as stated below. So such solutions were not suitable for the test-medium. 8) The bladder tissue, when put in the test-medium, even such as the blood serum or, Ringer's solution for a long time (over two hours), was forced to show pathological alteration. So the author performed each examination successfully within one hour. 9) The extensibility of the cells, when the cells were frozen, decreased slightly. The extensibility of the cells, when they were put in Ringer's solution at 37.0℃ for one hour, resembled that of those put in Ringer's solution at 5.0℃ for one hour. The extensibility of the cells, when they were put in Ringer's solution at 56.0℃ for 20 minutes, decreased more markedly than that of those put in Ringer's solution at 5.0℃ for one hour. 10) The extensibility of the cells, when they were exposed directly to the Sunshine form five to fifteen minutes or irradiated with short waved ultraviolet-rays from five to fifteen minutes, decreased perceptibly compared with the control, that is, the extensibility of the cells, when put in Ringer's solution at 5.0℃ for one hour. The reduction was much more pronounced when the cells got irradiation of ultraviolet-rays than when exposed to the sunshine. 11) The influence of long waved ultraviolet-rays upon the extensibility of the cells was slighter than that of the direct exposure of the Sunshine. 12) The extensibility of the superficial cells in buffer solution was the best at pH 6.0-6.5, while that of the profound cells was best at pH 7.0-7.2. 13) The extensibility of the cells in water solution of electrolyte seemed to be conditioned by the disturbing action of ions. 14) The extensibility of the superficial cells in grape sugar solution was the best at its diluted solution as 0.05 N, while that of the profound cells was best at its concentrated solution as 0.2 N. 15) The hydrogen ion concentrations of the cell-protoplasma measured by Schmidtmann's method were as follows: The hydrogen ion concentration of the superficial cells in the blood serum was slightly alkaline, that in Ringer's solution was also slight alkaline, and those in physiological salt solution and distilled water were acid. The hydrogen ion concentration of the profound cells in the blood serum and in Ringer's solution showed the same value, and those in physiological salt solution and distilled water were acid. 16) The hydrogen ion concentration of the cells ascended through freezing or warming (49.0℃ and 56.0℃). The influence of warming at 37.0℃ and 40.0℃ however, was but slight. 17) The hydrogen ion concentration of the cells ascended noticeably through the direct exposure of the Sunshine or irradiation of short waved ultraviolet-rays. The latter caused much more ascension of the hydrogen ion concentration than the former. The influence of long waved ultraviolet-rays was but a little. C. Histopathological examination. 1) The historogical alteration of the superficial cells, when the bladder tissue was soaked in the blood serum or Ringer's solution for two hours, was but little, nor that of the profound cells recognizable compared with the control the specimen made directly after the extirpation without soaking in any solution. 2) The degenerative metamorphosis of the cells, when the bladder tissue was soaked in the physiological salt solution for two hours, was pretty notable, while that of those soaked in the distilled water for two hours was very pronounced. 3) Higher temperature as 45.0℃ (one hour) or 56.0℃ (20 minutes) produced a degenerative alteration of the cells and very low temperature, as repeated freezing, caused necrosis of the cells. 4) The bladder tissue, when exposed directly to the Sunshine for 15 minutes or irradiated with short waved ultraviolet-rays for 15 minutes, resulted in necrosis of the epithelial cells. 5) Among Clark-Lucis's buffer solutions, the alteration of the cells was slight in pH 6.0 solution, while in those of acid or alkaline the alteration was remarkable. 6) The degenerative metamorphosis of the profound cells, in each 0.2N solution of NaCl and KCl for one hour, was more remarkable than that of the superficial cells, while the change off the profound cells in 0.2N solution of CaCl_2 for one hour, was less notable than that of the superficial cells. 7) The degenerative change of the cells was most distinguishable in 0.2N solution of K_2CO_3, less in 0.2N solution of KJ and the least in 0.2N solution of KBr, the duration of soaking being one hour. Though the extensibility of the cells might be affected by the factors stated above, surely, where the test-medium, the duration of the test-medium, the temperature and the lighting are favourable to the examination, the measurement of the extensibility of cells gives us an idea of their vital function.

著者

栗栖次郎
京都府立醫科大學皮膚科教室

膀胱上皮細胞ノ伸展性ニ關スル實驗的研究

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