気象学的側面から見た最近の豪雨災害(<小特集>気象変動と地盤工学)

概要

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Natural disasters caused by typhoons and torrential rain-falls are remarkably increasing over the world. However, according to chronological daia of fatalities due to typhoons and severe rainfalls in Japan, the number of fatalities strikingly decreases these years. This implies that the damage due to a severe rainfall disaster can be reduced, if such a severe rainfall can be predicted in advance. In this paper, the authors examine, the disasters from meteorological and disastrous viewpoint, based on monitored records of the maximum amount of hourly and daily rainfalls at Nagasaki (1982) and Isahaya (1957). The hourly rainfall over 150 mm or the daily rainfall over 800 mm, in general, causes terrible disasters. However, it can be seen that even weak rainfall causes fairly severe disasters nowadays. This suggests that the disaster occurrence mechanism has been changing. Furthermore, ac-cording to the long-term observational records in Japan, it is found that the total amount of rainfalls tends to decrease year by year. But, the short-term rainfall tends to increase and the possibility of that the lack of water or droughts occurs is getting higher. This indicates that it is necessary to build up the local radar-surface observational network, which enables to predict a torrential rainfall and to provide information for emergency evacuation in advance.
社団法人地盤工学会の論文
2001-01-01