島弧型デイサイト質海底熱水系サブベントにおけるアミノ酸の起源は生物的か非生物的か

概要

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Deep-sea hydrothermal sub-vents, subjacent to seafloor hydrothermal vents, are of significant interest as a new scientific frontier in a number of fields. This report analyzes data obtained in ocean-drilling surveys at submarine hydrothermal vents on the Suiyo Seamount in the Izu-Bonin Arc, Pacific Ocean. A high-temperature deep-sea hydrothermal system related to dacitic arc-volcanism has been drilled using a tethered, submarine rock-drill system as a part of the Archaean Park Project. The benthic multi-coring system (BMS) employed allows for direct sampling of microorganisms, rocks and fluids beneath hydrothermal vents. These surveys obtained direct data regarding subjacent extreme environments under extreme conditions of 308℃ and greater than 140 atmospheres. Evaluation of the vertical distribution and stereo chemistry of amino acids in such vigorous sub-vent environments leads to a model of deep-sea subterranean chemistry and biology that describes a lack of evidence of abiotically synthesized amino acids. Unexpected large enantiomeric excesses of L-form amino acids supported the existence of a vigorous subjacent microbial oasis in a hydrothermal subsystem. A model of deep-sea subterranean chemistry and biology is proposed, describing optimal microbial activities rather than abiotically synthesized amino acids components.
日本粘土学会の論文
2004-05-26