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We appreciate the comment by Kobayashi et al. on our paper Wang and Mitsuta, 1990), which may be summarized as follows ; when the desert surface fully drys up, transport of water substance in the surface sand layer proceeds only in the form of water vapor, and evaporation surface is at a few tens centimeters below the surface. Water vapor pressure gradient in the sand near the surface is always decreasing upward, indicating upward water vapor transport in the ground. While the downward turbulent flux of water vapor in the surface air layer over the dry desert surface in the daytime may be true as commented by Tsukamoto (1993). In this connection, water vapor flux convergence does exist at the ground surface. They estimate that this may be compensated by the advection of water vapor in the surface layer. We agree with their discussions in most parts except the importance of the advection, because the downward water vapor flux is observed irrespective with wind direction on the desert (Yang et al., 1992). As we had been informed this conclusion by their private communication, we have started the observation of the profile of relative humidity in the space of sand partricles in stead of water content in the desert surface sand layer from the summer of 1992. However, in this summer, there was unusual heavy rain in HEIFE desert area and many water pools appeared in the lower part of the desert for a few weeks. Therefore detailed discussions are left in future. Our understanding on the flux convergence of water vapor is that it is compensated by the time changes of saturation deficiency in the thin air layer near the surface as shown in our previons reply to Tsukamato's comment (Mitsuta, 1993). The detailes will be in our next paper.
社団法人日本気象学会の論文
1993-06-25

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