Comparison of Production Efficiency of Harvesting Organs among Field Crops : II.CO_2 Assimilation and Reassimilation in the Harvesting Organs
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概要
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In the harvesting organs, growth efficiency experimentally obtained (GE=W/(W+R), were We is the amount of dry matter expressed on a carbon basis and R is the amount of respired carbon) was higher than the theoretically estimated GE_<PV> which was calculated from the biochemical pathways of synthesis of chemical components (Shinano et al.1993). Therefore, it was assumed that there was a reassimilation in the harvesting organs of CO_2 produced. We investigated the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity, photosynthesis and respiration in the harvesting organs of various crops (rice, barley, oat, soybean, field bean, lupin, pea, adzuki bean, chick-pea, peanut, potato, sunflower, safflower, flax, rape, castor bean, and cotton). 1) When the reassimilation activity of CO_2 was expressed by the PEPC activity, the value of GE including CO_2 reassimilated (GE_<PEPC>) became slightly lower than that of GE, but there was still a large difference between GE_<PEPC> and GE_<PV> especially in soybean and peanut. 2) Under light conditions, CO_2 was taken up to some extent by the harvesting organs of rice, barley, rape, and flax only at the early maturation stage, whereas CO_2 was released from the harvesting organs of soybean, adzuki bean and chick-pea throughout the maturation stage. Under dark conditions, CO_2 was released from the harvesting organs in all the crops, and the amount was especially large in soybean, field bean, adzuki bean, rape, and flax. 3) Assimilation of atmospheric ^<14>CO_2 by the harvesting organs of rice and soybean occurred under light and dark conditions. However, the amount of ^<14>CO_2 assimilated was small under dark conditions. The ^<14>CO_2 releasing rate from the harvesting organs under light and dark conditions was higher in rice than in soybean, when ^<14>CO_2 was assimilated by the harvesting organs. 4) When ^<14>C-[U]-sucrose or ^<14>C-[U]-asparagine was introduced to the harvesting organs of rice and soybean through the cut end of the harvesting organ, the ^<14>CO_2 releasing rate under dark conditions was higher in rice than in soybean. These results indicated that it is not possible to develop a simple model of production efficiency based on the relationship among respiratory rate, relative growth rate and content of each chemical compound in harvesting organs.
- 社団法人日本土壌肥料学会の論文
著者
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Osaki Mitsuru
Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
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Shinano Takuro
Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
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Tadano Toshiaki
Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
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Osaki Mitsuru
Faculty Of Agriculture Hokkaido University
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Shinano Takuro
Faculty Of Agriculture Hokkaido University
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Komatsu Kazuhiko
Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
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Tadano Toshiaki
Faculty Of Agriculture Hokkaido University
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Komatsu Kazuhiko
Faculty Of Agriculture Hokkaido University
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