Fiber Digestion by Rumen Ciliate Protozoa
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
The study of fibrolytic enzymes of rumen ciliate protozoa has lagged behind that of rumen bacteria and fungi. However, molecular biology has enhanced the investigation of rumen protozoa, and significant information has been accumulated in the last decade. The cellulolytic activities of cell-free extracts from each species of rumen ciliate protozoa have been summarized. Large Ophyroscolecidae such as Epidinium, Polyplastron, and Eudiplodinium have higher levels of endoglucanase and xylanase activity. On the other hand, Entodinium spp. have only weak activity to degrade plant fibers. The molecular weight of the main endoglucanase appears to be less than 40k Daltons, and the endoglucanases have the ability to bind cellulose. A total of eight fibrolytic enzyme genes have been cloned from CDNA libraries of Epidinium caudatum and Polyplastron multivesuculatum, and have been registered in GenBank. Four of these 8 clones have high homology with glycoside hydrolase family 5 endoglucanase (GHF5) genes. The remaining four have homology with xylanase (GHF10 and GHF11) genes. The guanine (G)+cytocine (C) content (mol%) of protozoal genes is about 30% and the codon usage is specific and different from that of the endoglucanase or xylanase genes originating from other microorganisms. The codon for Lys in the protozoal ORF is mainly (about 90%) AAA, unlike the Lys codons in rumen bacteria (25%) and the fungal gene (27%). The phylogenetic tree for family 5 endoglucanases shows that the endoglucanases of four ciliates are closely related to each other and form a cluster. On the other hand, the xylanases of these ciliates appear more closely related to xylanases from gram-positive bacteria such as Ruminococcus and Clostridium than to other xylanases of eukaryotic origin.
- 日本微生物生態学会の論文
著者
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田島 清
畜草研
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TAJIMA Kiyoshi
National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science
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TAKENAKA Akio
National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science
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竹中 昭雄
農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構畜産草地研究所
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Takenaka A
National Institute Of Livestock And Grassland Science
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Tajima Kiyoshi
Division Of Biomaterials Department Of Oral Functional Reconstruction Kyushu Dental Collage
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田島 清
National Institute Of Livestock And Grassland Science
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竹中 昭雄
畜産草地研究所
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TAJIMA KIYOSHI
Rumen Microbiology Research Team, STAFF-Institute
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竹中 昭雄
National Institute Of Livestock And Grassland Science
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田島 清
National Inst. Of Livestock And Grassland Sci.
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Tajima K
Division Of Biomaterials Department Of Oral Functional Reconstruction Kyushu Dental Collage
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Tajima Kiyoshi
Faculty Of Regional Environmental Science Tokyo University Of Agriculture
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KAJIKAWA Hiroshi
National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science
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MITSUMORI Makoto
National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science
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TAKENAKA AKIO
Rumen Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science
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MITSUMORI MAKOTO
Rumen Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science
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KAJIKAWA HIROSHI
Rumen Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science
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Takenaka A
Graduate School Of Bioscience And Biotechnology Tokyo Institute Of Technology
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Takenaka Akio
Department Of Life Science Faculty Of Bioscience And Biotechnology Tokyo Institute Of Tdechnology
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Kajikawa H
National Institute Of Livestock And Grassland Science
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Makoto Mitsumori
National Institute Of Livestock And Grassland Science
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