<原著>車椅子座圧分布に及ぼす臀部脂肪量と座位姿勢・クッションの影響

概要

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Physical therapists and occupational therapists are often involved in assessing the seating positionsneeds of patients who have quadriplegia or hemiplegia.One component of this process involves determining the appropriate use of wheelchair cushions andpressure-relieving techniques to prevent pressure sores and the poor posture. Eleven healthy people(average age 21.8 ± 2.5; 5males) participated in this study. The purpose of this study was to assess theseating pressure in a wheelchair using of three types of cushions, and to assess the effects of hip fatthickness on the distribution of seating pressure in a wheelchair. In addition, seating pressures underbony prominences were assessed in the neutral posture and at a 30-degrees forward tilting posture. Theresults of this study indicate that fat thickness at the hip correlates with the distribution of seatingpressures. Furthermore, the subject's centers of gravity were made move forward by the use of lumbarsupport (p<O.05), the distribution of oressure expanded more with a Roho cushion than with the othertwo cushions (a floor cushion and an ordinary cushion made from urethane). The findings of thisstudy support previous studies in that individual and continuous assessment is essential to providingthe best cushion and pressure-relief techniques for each patient.