High-Curie-Temperature Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Ceramic Actuator Cofired with Pure Silver Internal Electrodes

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High-Curie temperature ($T_{\text{c}} > 350$ °C) lead zirconium titanate (PZT) ceramics cofired with low-cost pure silver (Ag) have been investigated for the manufacture of actuators for high-temperature applications. One percent of a low-firing additive, LiBiO2, was added to the conventionally calcined Pb (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT 52/48) powder and ground to 0.2 μm in average particle size, using yttrium toughened zirconia (YTZ) balls. PZT 52/48 ceramics fired at 850 °C showed a density = 7.9 g/cm3, an electromechanical coupling factor planar mode $k_{\text{p}} = 0.60$, a piezoelectric constant $d_{33} = 500$ pm/V and a high $T_{\text{c}} = 370$ °C. PZT green sheets of 60 μm thickness with Ag metal paste were laminated and cofired at 850 °C. PZT ceramics cofired with Ag exhibited displacement corresponding to $d_{33} = 363$ pm/V; no Ag dispersion into PZT ceramics was detected. These results imply that the high-$T_{\text{c}}$ cofired PZT ceramics with pure Ag internal electrodes are feasible for actuators in high-temperature applications.
2008-07-25