二酸化炭素排出量の計算による核融合炉の環境負荷評価

概要

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Comparative studies of environmental burden have been made for fusion reactors based on different confinement systems and blanket modules by calculating CO2 emission amount. The confinement systems of fusion reactor considered in this paper are the Tokamak reactor (TR), helical reactor (HR), and spherical Tokamak reactor (ST). Several blanket modules such as Li/V, Flibe/FS, and LiPb/SiC blankets are evaluated under the condition of 1 GW electric power output and specific beta values. The calculated amounts of CO2 emission from fusion reactors are 9.2-11.3 g-CO2/kWh. This range is the same as that of emission from hydraulic power and atomic power plants which are regarded as clean energy sources now. A substantial amount of CO2 is emitted from superconducting magnet systems. TR and HR, which use large superconducting coil systems, emit much CO2 as a whole. If we adopt a higher beta design, the demand on coil systems is relaxed and better fusion reactors emitting less CO2 can be constructed.