現世堆積物有機物の地球化学的研究(2008年度柴田賞受賞記念論文)

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It is one of the central problems in organic geochemistry to elucidate chemical structure, origins and geochemical reactions of insoluble organic matter (humic substances or kerogen) in sediments on molecular level. In this paper, studies of insoluble organic matter in recent lake and marine sediments conducted by the present author during the past 40 years are reviewed. Humic acid and kerogen from sediments shows relatively high H/C and N/C ratios. These features are associated with their relatively high contents of aliphatic and proteinaceous components and carbohydrates. Chemical and oxidative degradations of sedimentary kerogens produce a series of aliphatic carboxylic acids with lesser amounts of benzenecarboxylic acids and lignin-derived phenolic acids. These results indicate that insoluble organic matter in sediments is essentially derived from aquatic organisms (i.e. phytoplankton). The author presented a hypothesis that Maillard-type reaction of carbohydrates with protein and lipids is responsible for production of humic substances in aquatic sediments, and a laboratory experiment was performed as a step to prove the hypothesis. A laboratory maturation experiment demonstrated that the chemical reactions associated with generation of petroleum-type alkanes from humic substances closely resembles those from fossil kerogen. An additional heating experiment of young sedimentary lipids indicated that polymethylene chains in fossil kerogen can come from condensation of young lipids.
日本地球化学会の論文
2010-03-25

現世堆積物有機物の地球化学的研究(2008年度柴田賞受賞記念論文)

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