Blood pressure responses during walking in water in middle-aged and elderly women

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of physicalactivity in water from the perspective of blood pressure responses in middle-aged andelderly women for whom water exercise is recommended. Subjects comprised 22 middleagedand elderly women who regularly go swimming or participate in water exercisein a sports club. A flowmill was used as the exercise stress device and water depthwas adjusted to the height of the xiphoid process for each subject. Water temperaturewas controlled to 30℃. After resting by sitting on a chair for 5 min, each subjectperformed 4 sessions of walking in water. Each session lasted 4 min at different levelsof difficulty (20, 30, 40 and 50 m/min), with a 1-min rest between each session. Oxygenuptake, ventilation and heart rate were monitored during walking and blood lactateconcentration, blood pressure, and Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and FeelingScores (FS) were measured immediately after exertion. Although no subject wasreceiving treatment for blood pressure-related problems, increased systolic or diastolicpressures were observed in 18 subjects (81.8%). Based on World Health Organizationcriteria, we classify the subjects into four groups (Group NN, normal systolic anddiastolic pressures; Group NH, normal systolic and high diastolic pressures; Group HN,high systolic and normal diastolic pressures; and Group HH, high systolic and diastolicpressures). Blood pressure and double product were generally higher in Group HH thanother groups who are high systolic and diastolic pressures, but RPE and FS scores weresimilar among all groups. Subjects whose blood pressure was so high that they couldbe categorized in the high blood pressure group may thus remain asymptomatic withoutany warning sign of risk caused by exercise. Individuals at risk of hypertension shouldtherefore pay close attention to exercise load even when they feel well.
福岡県立大学の論文
2007-03-14

Blood pressure responses during walking in water in middle-aged and elderly women

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