環境中における有機リン系殺虫剤の分解

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Organophosphorus pesticides are widely used as insecticides and herbicides in agriculture for the control of various insects and weeds. These pesticides are decomposed by various natural conditions in the environment : by hydrolysis, photodegradation on surface of plant, metabolism in plants, and bacteriological degradation in soil. The degradation products of pesticides are potentially ingested by humans with eating agricultural products. In some cases, the toxicity of degradation products shows higher toxicity than the parent compound. Therefore, understanding of degradation pathways of pesticides after their release into the environment is necessary and also evaluation of toxicity of these degradation products is important. This review introduces typically physical degradation patterns of Organophosphorus insecticides in order to know their environmental fate. And furthermore, we focused the photodegradation that is one of the most important factors involved in decomposition of pesticide in the environment. In this review, we introduce the photodegradation mechanism of the Organophosphorus insecticide fenthion in an aqueous solution under UVB irradiation (280-320 nm radiation). Fenthion is photodecomposed by a couple of mechanisms : one is photochemical hydrolysis to form 3-methyl-4-methylthiophenol (MMTP) and dimethyl phosphorothioate, and the other is photo-oxygenation triggered by singlet oxygen (^1O_2) and producing fenthion sulfoxide and 3-methyl-4-methylthiophenol (MMSP). The steady photodegradation products of fenthion in environment were elucidated to be fenthion sulfoxide and MMSP. This review suggests that the toxicological evaluation of degradation products of pesticides is necessary as well as parent pesticide from the viewpoint of human health effect.
日本食品化学学会の論文
2004-12-30

環境中における有機リン系殺虫剤の分解

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