他者共在場面における課題遂行と要求水準、課題への関与度、帰属の関連について
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Past research examining the relationship between level of aspiration and the performance on a task indicates that the relevance of the task to one's self-definition relates to the performance of the task. This implies that the more relevant the task is to the subject's self-definition the harder he will work on the task. Conversely, the harder he works, the more relevant the task becomes. Task performance and level of aspiration are also determined by one's attributional style such as "optimism" (Seligman, 1991) and situational factors such as the presence or absence of others. The present study examined the relationships among task performance, level of aspiration, task relevance, and attribution in the presence of others. It was expected that there are some relationships among task performance, level of aspiration and task relevance, and the performance of the optimistic subjects is superior to that of the pessimistic subjects. Method Subjects were thirty-six (6 male, 30 female) undergraduate and graduate students. The subjects participated in the present experiment in a triad and performed individually the task in a co-action setting and completed the questionnaire. They were acquainted with each other. The experimental task involved a series of "Small-Big" classification tests (Takei Co.,), in which subjects were required, within one minute, to classify 50 metals into a box with 5 slots of different sizes. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: (a) task relevance scale (e.g., Are you interested in this task?), (b) level of aspiration scale, (c) attribution scale, (d) subjective rating scale on the task performance. Results and Discussion 1. Statistically significant correlations were found between the performance on the task and the level of aspiration (r=.81O, p<.01), and between the relevance of the task to one's self-definition after having finished the task and the level of aspiration (r=.369, p<.05). On the other hand, a significant correlation was not found between the performance on the task and the relevance of the task to the subject's self-definition. It was suggested that the subjects were competitive in the presence of others. 2. The performance of the optimistic subjects was not as good as that of the pessimistic subjects, and the GD(goal discrepancy) score of the pessimistic subjects was lower than that of the optimistic subjects. These results suggest a cultural variation between the performance of the task and the level of aspiration.
- 国際基督教大学の論文
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