要求水準とポシブル・セルフ、自尊感情、課題への関与度の関連について

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Previous research on the self centered on stable aspects of the self concept (e.g., self-esteem), while neglecting those aspects of the potential or "possible selves" (Markus & Nurius, 1986). In Markus & Nurius' (1986) new model of the self, the self concept includes "possible selves", referring to cognitions on the possibility of the self in the future, such as "ideal self image one wishes to be in the future," "self image one possibly will be," and "self image one wishes not to be." Because possible selves play important roles in human behavior, this study examined the extent of the concept's efficiency in explaining psychological outcomes such as task performance or level of aspiration. Markus & Nurius (1986) insist that possible selves mediate between stable self concepts and human behavior. Thus, possible selves are cognitive components (e.g., hope, fear, goal, motive, and desire). In this study, the relationships among the stable self concept, possible selves, the level of aspiration, and a performance on a brief task were examined. The effects of task relevance (Tesser & Campbell, 1983) were also examined. Method All thirty-six (16 female, 20 male) undergraduates at International Christian University (ICU), Japan, performed an individually and completed the questionnaire. The experimental task involved a series of "Small-big" classification tests (Takei Co.,), in which subjects were required, within one mitute, to classify 50 metals into a box with 5 slots of different size. The questionnaire consisted of five components: (a) demographic information, (b) self-esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965), (c) task relevance scale (e.g., "Are you interested in this task?"), (d) possible selves scale (e.g.,"I am disappointed with the result") and (e) level of aspiration scale (see Takagi, 1958). Results and Discussion 1. Statistically significant correlations were found between the selfesteem score and the possible selves score (r=.5O, p<.01), and between the possibles selves score and level of aspiration(r=.51, p<.01). On theother hand, a significant correlation was not found between self-esteem score and level of aspiration (r=.28, ns). These results show that the possible selves mediates between the stable self concept (self-esteem) and motivation (level of aspiration). That is, possible selves but not self-esteem, can predict higher level of aspiration. This implies that the concept of possible selves is efficient in explaining psychological outcomes such as level of aspiration. The concept of possible selves, however, had no significant association with performance on the task (r=-.O5, ns). This further means that possible selves are not predictive of performance on the task. Because possible selves cannot be directly manipulated, the limitation of "possible selves" needs to be recognized. 2. The performance on the task had a significant correlation with no other than the relevance on the task (r=.42, p<.01). This implies that high relevant task to the subject's self-definition makes him/her work hard on the task, and that higher (/lower) performance one achieves on the task, the higher/lower relevance he or she will lay on the task. 3. The implications discussed above can be summarized as follows. Self-esteem is related to possible selves, and possible selves influence level of aspiration. On the other hand, task relevance has influences on performance. The level of aspiration and performance determine GD (goal discrepancy) socre, which, in turn, is influenced by self-esteem. Further research is needed to enhance an understanding of the dynamic relationship between self-concept and human behavior.
国際基督教大学の論文

要求水準とポシブル・セルフ、自尊感情、課題への関与度の関連について

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