子どもの楽天主義 : 望ましくない特性の変容可能性についての信念の発達

概要

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The present study examined whether children's optimism would be observed in Japanese children who grow up in culture where self-enhancing bias, an optimistic tendency, is not as dominant as in the U.S. Twenty-four each of 5-, 6-, 8-10-year-olds, and college students were asked to predict whether each of eight negative traits would change as a character matured from age 10 to 21 (young adult) and from 21 to 80 (older adult). Results indicated that (1) the 5-year-olds showed "naive optimism" in that they believed the negative traits could change in extreme positive direction not only in young adults but also in older, due to maturation or increased age. (2) The school-aged children and adults showed "effort-dependent optimism" in that they believed the negative traits could change to average, based on personal effort or practice. (3) All the participants applied "optimism" to varied traits selectively. The significance of children's optimism as a motivation in the long-term acquisition of skills or expertise, as well as its nature, is discussed in terms of culture-free and culture-bound development.
新潟大学の論文