種々の極限環境条件下における生体反応の適応耐性

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On the occasion of the International Thermal Physiology Symposium in Rhodes (2004), Extremes of human thermo-tolerance and adaptation to high altitudes were reviewed for sports scientists and thermal physiologists as follows ; Human life is sustainable only below an internal temperature of roughly 42-44℃. Yet our ability to survive at severe environmental extremes is testimony to the marvels of integrative human physiology. One approach to understanding human thermoregulatory capacity is to examine the upper limits of thermal balance between man and an air-water environment, i.e. the maximal environmental conditions under which humans can maintain a steady-state core temperature. Heat and cold acclimations expands the zone of thermal balance. Human beings can and do, often willingly, tolerate extreme heat and cold (incl. Low atmospheric pressure) stresses well above these thermal balance limits. Survival in all such cases is limited to abbreviated exposure times, which in turn are limited by the robustness of the thermoregulatory response. High altitudes are associated with low temperature as well as low pressure. Chronic exposure to high altitudes is known to cause physiological and morphological changes, especially in the pulmonary circulation system, such as right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, increased, pulmonary vascular resistance, thickening of the pulmonary artery and increased pulmonary blood flow. The principal factors in these change are hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPVC) and an elevation of hematocrit (Ht) accompanying the increase in red blood cell (RBC). Figures in this review article are provided that relate tolerance time and the rate of change in core temperature to environmental characteristics based on data compiled from the literature of scientific journals and records published in the Guinness Book.
中京大学の論文
2005-05-18

種々の極限環境条件下における生体反応の適応耐性

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