「病気像」(Disease Image) 発達(変容)の研究(第2報) : 病気とのかかわり方に関する検討

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病気像の変化・変容は,人の病気に対するかかわり方があずかって大きい。成人についてえられたこうした知見をふまえ,子どもの病気に対するかかわり方について,次の諸指標から検討を加えた。すなわち,病気に対する関心,病気に対する被患性,病気に対する感情の方向および情緒性,そして病気との心理的距離の諸指標である。被調査児は,第1報で報告したと同じ7才から10才のいわゆる健康な男女児童147名である。調査手続きは,第1報で報告した「病気像調査票」に引き続いて実施した上記諸指標について所定の自己評定を求めるアンケートである。結果は次の如くであった。主体的自我の発達を考慮しなければならないとはいえ,病気に対するかかわり方の上記諸指標による検討の有効性が示唆された。1.成人の場合と同様,子どもも病気に対して敵対的なかかわり方をしている。こうしたかかわり方は,病気に対する関心(関心なし)と病気に対する感情の方向(病気は敵だ)という2つの指標で著明である。主体的自我の確立と関連して,残りの諸指標においては,9才～10才以降,次第に敵対的なかかわりを反映する結果をあらわすようになるとの推察がえられた。2.病気と和解的なかかわり方を示す者が,9才～10才児に計4名ある。4名はいずれも,病気に対する関心が高く,被患性が高く,病気との心理的距離が近く情緒性が強く,そしてその方向が肯定的であることを示した。以上の結果から,病気像の変容,とりわけ筆者が意図する"病気のなかの人間的健康"実現にあたり,病気との敵対的かかわり方から和解的かかわり方への転換が求められるといえよう。その具体的手だては,Tグループのうちに発見されるように思われる。その際上記諸指標はこの転換を確証するのに役立つに違いない。On the basis of the result in the previous studies on adults' disease image, that the particular way of person's concern with disease contributes changes of his disease image, the problem of how children are concerned with their disease was investigated from the following indices: one's interest in disease, one's susceptibility to disease, subjective distance between self and disease, one's emotional direction and emotionality to disease. Subjects were the same as in report 1:147 healthy children from 7 to 10 years of age. An inquiry into self-evaluation concerning the above-mentioned four indices, derived from a part of "Disease Image Questionnaire" shown in report 1 was carried out to 147 subjects. Following results were obtained: The developmental process of the subjective ego must be considered, however, the results in this study showed that the above-mentioned indices were fairly significant for an approach to how one is concerned with disease. 1) As in adults, children were consistently concerned with the external consequences of the disease. This external concern with their disease was clearly reflected in the results of examination into following two indices: one's interest in disease (indifference), and one's emotional direction to disease (emotionally negative direction). As for other indices, the results were not always clear. Related with the developmental process of the subjective ego, after 9 or 10 years of age, it seemed that how particularly one is concerned with disease could be gradually reflected in the results of examination into these indices. 2) Four children of 9 and 10 years of age, who were internally concerned with disease itself, were found. Each of them showed high interest in disease, high susceptibility to disease, subjectively near distance between self and disease, high emotionality and emotionally positive direction to disease. These results seem to suggest the following: In order to actualize children's subjectively or psychologically healthy ways of being in spite of their objectively or medically unhealthy and ill states, we should approach them from a psychotherapeutic viewpoint that they could realize the conversion from the external concern with disease to the internal one. It seems to me that a field of realization of this conversion could be found in T-grouplike training, and then the above-mentioned four indices will be fairly usable for making certain of this conversion.
大阪教育大学の論文

「病気像」(Disease Image) 発達(変容)の研究(第2報) : 病気とのかかわり方に関する検討

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