Ultrastructural Changes in Cortical Cells of Apple (Malus pumila Mill.) Associated with Cold Hardiness
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概要
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Seasonal ultrastructural changes in cortical cells of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) twigs were studied with special reference to seasonal variations in cold hardiness. The ultrastructural characteristics could be divided into two major sets: one set that developed during cold acclimation from September to January and one that developed during deacclimation from February to May. During cold acclimation, the most striking changes were microvacuolation and augmentation of the volume of the cytoplasm. At this stage, the cells became temporarily rich in the organelles that are involved in protein synthesis, such as vesicular endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes, dictyosomes and vesicles. Plastids that contained starch granules, protein-lipid bodies and mitochondria were also abundant. Each nucleus contained relatively lower amounts of heterochromatin and was located in the central portion of the cell. From mid-November until March, plastids aggregated around the nucleus, and the formation of "plastid initials" from the mature plastids, as a results of constriction and subsequent pinching off, was frequently observed. In January, when maximum cold-hardiness was achieved, the starch granules in plastids disappeared. The second set of ultrastructural changes, which included fusion of vacuoles, was initiated in late February. During deacclimation, the differentiation of vacuoles proceeded in the cells, starch granules reappeared in the plastids and organelles involved in protein synthesis became abundant. Further-more, vesicular endoplasmic reticulum observed during the autumn and winter was replaced by smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In mid-May, when cold hardiness decreased to a low level, most of the cell space was occupied by a large vacuole. The results suggest that seasonal cytological changes are involved in the changes in the physical and functional properties of cold-adapted cells. The seasonal replication of vacuoles and cytoplasm may be related to resistance or susceptibility to the stress-producing effects of the dehydration that occurs during freezing, and the replication of organelles may be associated with the metabolism required for cold acclimation or deacclimation.
- 日本植物生理学会の論文
著者
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Sagisaka Shonosuke
The Institute Of Lou Temperature Science Hokkaido University
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Kuroda Haruyuki
The Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station
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