トドマツの霜害に関する研究(I) : 霜害に及ぼす融解速度の影響
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霜害に及ぼす朝日の影響を調べるために, 5年生トドマツを用いて実験室で融解速度と被害の関係を, 現地では霜日に朝日があたった場合の融解速度を調べた。凍害に及ぼす融解速度の有害な作用は芽の開舒が進むにつれて著しくなる。芽が開舒する直前のトドマツでは, -4℃で1〜2時間凍結後, 15℃以下の空中でゆっくりとかす時(融解速度0.8℃/分以下)は害がほとんど認められないが, 約20℃の外気温の時, 直射日光にさらす時(融解速度約2.0℃/分), または5℃の水中に浸す時(融解速度約4℃/分)には, トドマツの芽は著しい害を受ける。しかし, -4℃で凍結したトドマツを0℃に約50分おいて芽の温度が0℃近くになってから直射日光, または5℃の水中に入れても害はほとんど認められない。さらに, -4℃で凍結後-3°, -2°, -1°および0℃まで温度をあげて1時間各温度においてから5℃の水中に入れる時は, -1℃以下, ことに-2℃以下の凍結状態から5℃の水中に入れる時に著しい害があらわれる。凍結に及ぼす融解速度の影響は, 芽だけでなく, 皮層部, 材部にも認められる。現地で霜日に凍っている芽に朝日があたってとける速さは約0.5℃以下である。融解速度が1℃/分をこえない時には, 開舒時期のトドマツは有害な影響をほとんど受けないという実験事実から考えて, 霜日に朝日が有害な作用を及ぼすことは少ないものと考えられる。
- 一般社団法人日本森林学会の論文
- 1967-01-25
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