疑似市場的な教育制度構想の特徴と問題点(<特集>教育改革と評価のダイナミズム)

概要

論文の詳細を見る
Many countries including Japan have promoted radical education reforms guided by neo-liberal and quasi-market ideas. But no appropriate evidence has been provided to show their validity and effectiveness. They are promoted by ideological preferences and in the populistic political atmosphere. Given this situation, this paper first identifies some major features of the following five quasi-market models ; simple school choice, education voucher, alternative schools, charter school, and school management by for-profit company. The aspects examined are the institutional idea, framework of school choice, school budget, school management system, freedom from government control, form of parent participation, and the influence of each model over the whole education system. Secondly, the paper discusses the five major problems that are neglected in their arguments and will damage the public education system. (1) Due to the fact that school is an institutional good, school choice will differentiate schools both substantially and relatively on such evaluation criteria as academic success, school safety and social attributes of students and neighborhood atmosphere of each school. (2) Due to the fact that school is a collective and unfinished (or half-finished) good at the time of choosing and entering, the school performance and its evaluation depend on the students who are recruited to each school, and accordingly, school choice differentiates schools in terms of students' and their parents' attributes. (3) Under the system of alternative school, charter school or for-profit management school, school choice and other privileged conditions applies only for those schools and their clients, and accordingly, those schools should be recognized as ones for the privileged small number of students. It should be also recognized that if these systems spread widely, then the utility of their privileges will diminish and various problems intrinsic to school choice will also spread. (4) School choice ideas put a prior value on institutional choice, while neglecting the importance of practical choices within each school as well as the fact that someone's freedom of institutional choice restricts the range of the other's. (5) Deregulation of government control and the accountability requirement will result in the rise of market control and other type of government control for quality assurance like the school inspection by quasi-public agency and testing of achievement standards. Under the system of school choice, parents are likely to behave as consumers/claimers rather than organizational members who should cooperate in the process of finishing their un-finished goods. Finally, the paper suggests that all of these will become seriously problematic in the country like Japan where the levels of equal opportunity, efficiency of schooling and parents' concerns of school ranking are high.
日本教育社会学会の論文
2003-05-25

著者

藤田英典
国際基督教大学

疑似市場的な教育制度構想の特徴と問題点(<特集>教育改革と評価のダイナミズム)

スポンサーリンク

概要

著者

関連論文

スポンサーリンク