小・中学生の友人関係とアイデンティティに関する研究 : 全国9都県での質問紙調査の結果より

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Our society has been experiencing drastic changes, so-called post-modern changes. These changes influence and reorganize daily experiences of children, peer relations among them, and in turn, their identity and life-world. This paper examines how identities and life-worlds of school-aged children are organized, focusing on peer relations and based on the nation-wide questionnaire survey of 7144 pupils of elementary and lower secondary level. The paper is composed of the following five sections : Section 1 presents a brief discussion about our theoretical perspective. Section 2 investigates the foundations and forms of peer relations, and shows the decline of the size of peer groups and the tendency toward the closedness of group relations. Section 3 investigates the structural characteristics of peer relations, examining daily activities of children, and shows, for example, that the smaller size of peer group, closer friendship, and higher probabilities of psychic stress, friction and conflicts are positively correlated. Section 4 investigates the relationships between peer relations and identity formation. Here, we distinguish the following four aspects of identity: self-efficacy; attachment/orientation to family as one of the major groups ; self-image in relation to others ; and self-consciousness through the eyes of others. We found that peer relations have significantly linkages with these four aspects of identity. Among many findings, one example is that self-image in relation to others tends to be enhanced by close and good peer relations. Section 5 discusses the implications of the above findings in relation to on-going post-modern changes, and argues that peer groups are functioning as a defensive mechanism on the one hand and on the other existential space where individuals can relax and secure their existence.
東京大学の論文
1996-12-20

小・中学生の友人関係とアイデンティティに関する研究 : 全国9都県での質問紙調査の結果より

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