教育達成過程とその地位形成効果

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This paper intends to analyze the educational and occupational attainment process in Japan, using the data collected through the questionnaire survey in Tokyo in 1975. Two main objectives are: (1) to examine the objective opportunity structure in Japan, in terms of the degree to which socio-economic background factors are related to educational attainment and educational attainment and socio-economic background factors are related to occupational attainment, using the Blau-Duncan's basic path model; (2) to examine the mediating process through which socio-economic background factors influence educational attainment and then occupational attainment, using the extended path model which includes various psychological and ecological variables as well as basic status variables. The major findings are as follows: (1) Educational attainment is influenced by such socio-economic back-ground factors as father's occupation (.247) and father's education (.347) with R^2 = .274; Respondent's first occupation is strongly influenced by his educational attainment (.484), while the importance of father's occupation is rather small (.150); Similarly, respondent's current occupation is most strongly influenced by his first occupation (.347) and then by his educational attainment (.293), while father's occupation has the small direct effect on occupational attainment (.084). It should be pointed out, however, that the total causal effect of father's occupation on respondent's current occupation is significantly large (.336). (2) With respect to educational attainment process, it is found that the following variables play significant roles in the mediating process; that is, cognitive ability measured by scholastic performance at the 6th grade of elementary school, extra preparatory education such as tutoring and Juku, parents' expectation and encouragement, subjective evaluation of family economic condition, and educational aspiration. It would be interesting that mother's education level takes a very unique part in this mediating process, particularly influencing respondent's subjective evaluation of his economic condition, extra preparatory education, and parents' expectation and encouragement. Ecological variables such as age and regional remoteness have also significant effects on educational attainment. With respect to the occupational attainment process, educational level has an important effect on occupational attainment, both on the first and on the current occupation, while cognitive ability and academic performance at the last educational institution have no significant effect. The strength of occupational aspiration is also related to occupational attainment. These results may be said to support Y. Gultung's observation about the mechanism of status attainment process in Japan, "degree-o-cracy". It is hoped that further research will be carried out to make our findings more reliable.
日本教育社会学会の論文
1978-09-30

教育達成過程とその地位形成効果

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