緑肥作物の導入によるアーバスキュラー菌根菌の増殖とトウモロコシ栽培への利用

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It is known that cultivation of non-mycorrhizal host crops results in a decline in frequencies of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) infection and growth of succeeding crops. However, such crops need to be cultivated in rotation. To establish an effective farming system for improving the growth of succeeding crops, we investigated the effect of green manure using AM host crops on maize production in terms of AM symbiosis under field conditions. After oat (an AM host crop with a low frequency of AM infection) cropping, sunflower, vetch or mustard seeds were sown as green manure on August 7,1996. To determine the seasonal change in infection activity of AM fungi, sunflower seeds were also sown on September 9 and October 11. Each green manure crop was harvested (unincorporated) or incorporated on November 5. In the following season, maize was grown in plots after sunflower, vetch or mustard cropping and in a plot after fallowing. The infection frequency of AM fungi and the shoot weight and yield of maize grown after AM host (sunflower and vetch) cropping were much higher than those after fallowing and nonhost (mustard) cropping. Furthermore, the growth of succeeding maize was unaffected by incorporation of green manure crops. These results suggest that the increased AM fungal populations during cultivation of AM host crops improved the efficiency of AM colonization in the following season and that this brought about the positive effects of sunflower and vetch cropping. Sunflowers sown after September did not improve the growth of succeeding maize. Since the frequency of AM infection of sunflowers sown after September was very low, it is thought that sunflower cropping after September did not increase sizes of AM populations in the soil. Therefore, AM host crops need to be sown in August to improve the AM colonization and the growth and yield of succeeding crops when nonhost crops or host crops with low frequency of AM infection have been grown in the field.
社団法人日本土壌肥料学会の論文
2001-06-05

緑肥作物の導入によるアーバスキュラー菌根菌の増殖とトウモロコシ栽培への利用

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