資本主義経営の展開 : その過去・現在・未来

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It is commonly recognized among schallars that the emergence of capitalistic economy dates back to the first "Industrial Revolution" which took place in the eighteenth century of England. With the beginning of capitalism capitalist began to play an important role in manufacturing. He tried to make a great profit by making full use of land, big machinery and many workers. Workers without the means of production were compelled very hard work and long labor-hours by capitalist. But they were given very low wages. Workers are exploited by capitalist in capitalistic economy. But the beginning of twentieth century big and powerful labor unions were organized in western industrial countries. At the same time "The Welfare State" and "The Affluent Society" were constructed through government intervention. Fiscal and monetary policy conducted by the government played an important role to innovate and change the economic structure. In this process the quality of life and labor conditions of great many workers have been remarkably improved. As a result of this new situation they have lost their energy to restructure the capitalistic economic and social structure through revolution. But these days workers in western highly developed countries such as England, U. S. A., Germany and Japan are facing serious crisis. This is mass unemployment which stems from the transfer of production facilities abroad, introduction of highly sophisticated production system, high labor-wages reflecting the aging of workers. In this age of great competition in world market companies must attain a reasonable profit and higher market share by reducing cost as much as possible. To gain a competitive advantage and competitive power the most heavy burden for the companies is workers who demand high wages in "The Post-Industrial Society" and "The Aging Society". Coping with this situation big companies are compelled to cut labor power or lay off workers. In spite of affluence the structure of capitalistic society has vastly changed. The most important problem is the change of demographic structure. In this new highly advanced stage of capitalism workers are thrown into serious situation which mentioned above. Unemployment produces a social unrest and reduces a social and economic vitality. To solve this problem new type of business must be created as soon as possible. The main reason is that the age of "The Economy of Scale" has gone. Toward the new century new type of business which is called a "venture business" or "Innovative small-firm" will play an important role to revitalize the capitalistic-market economy. They create and produce new, innovative, epoch-making product and technology for the fast changing market and the highly differentiated consumer needs. Many workers will find a new employment opportunity there. The increasing of aging-workers do not necessarily reduce the vitality of company and society. Their professional knowledge, creativity and high-valued career will make a great contribution to develop dynamically for not only their companies but also for the new type of capitalistic economy.
広島文化学園大学の論文
1996-08-30

著者

浜野譲治
呉女子短期大学経営情報学科

資本主義経営の展開 : その過去・現在・未来

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