経営国際化の展開過程

概要

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The origin of international business dates back to the fifteenth century. In that age merchants played a major role in business activity. The discover of new continent (North America) and invention of navigation skill stimulated many merchants to reach their business activity as wide as possible at enormous speed. In particular the trade between England and the Orient was a important and major international business. Many kinds of oriental goods satisfied the desire of mankind of the upper class in England. People in Europe and in America demanded the goods that made their life very comfortable. But it took many time and cost to meet their demands. The industrical revolution and introduction of the means of mass-production made possible as many people as possible to acquire various kinds of goods that used in daily life at less cost and less time. In particular "Ford System" was a leading mass-production system. This became wildly introduced in many industries in 20th century Amecica. People in North America enjoyed very comfortable and convinient life. This created a "Affluent Society". Goods that was manufactured in U. S. were exported to various parts of the world. In this process export activity played a major role in international business. After the World War II America conducted a financial and technological aid to war-devasted Eourpe. Among them "Marchall Plan" made possible a recovery from war at less risk and less cost and stimulated the demand for U. S. goods. Export activity could not fulfill the needs in european countries any longer. To respond this new situation american big manufacturing companies established many manufacturing facilities and sales offices in Europe. In this new dimention of international business what we call a "Multinational Corporation" emerged. Important thing is that after the world war II mass-production and mass-consumption system have been transfered to and implemented in many parts of the world. They concentrated in Europe and Japan. For example german and Japanese companies strengthened their international competitiveness by making full use of high technology and innovation mainly introduced from american companies after the war. And by the end of 1980s technological gap has narrowed between american and Japanese comparies. Japanese style of management has contributed too much to develop and cultivate world market. In entering into the 1990s the need to from the new business strategy emergd. That is called "Business Alliance". Forming a business-alliance in global or international level has begun to play an important role. The main purpose of this new from of strategy is to strengthen and develop further international competitiveness by conducting Research and Development with foreign companies which have a innovative and epoch-marking technology in such fields as autos, telecommuncation, computer chips and space technology. When a company makes a international business strategy from now on, the important thing is that companies must conduct their business activity to improve and develop basic human needs and social life as much as possible in global perspective. The transition from short-sighted maximan profit-seeking business strategy to the social, public, and international-oriented one is urgently needed in dynamically changing and multipolar world.
広島文化学園大学の論文
1994-05-31

著者

浜野譲治
呉女子短期大学経営情報学科

経営国際化の展開過程

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