<報文>変貌する工業社会と経営学の新たなる課題

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We are in an age of transition. Mass-production, mass-sales and mass-consumption oriented society are transforming into new society, which is more emphasized the production of highly qualified and sophistcated product or technology. It is said that management is a product of 20th century. But its roots or origin dates back to the ancient times. The basic form of management is the household economy. With the new invention, in particular the highly and progressive navigation skill and findings of New Continent (North America) the commercial age began in Europe. In this new era people engaging in commercial activity in world-wide perspective played an important role. In commercial society business management carried on by one-man or single person dominates the management activity. No many people, machine, large amount of money, big factory and wide land were needed. With the beginnings of 20th century the center of production in world morket moved into North America from Europe. Henry Ford invented the new and innovative system of automobile production, which is called assembly-line production system. It enabled the mass-production of standardised car (Model T) in effective, rational way in a very short period of time. With the introduction of this new production system the idea of mass production, mass sales, and mass consumption dominates the new sociely, which we call a highly Industrial Society. To meet a social, economical demand of mass production, a large factory, a large amount of money, many people (workers, employers, proffesional managers), large natural land, and large machinery system were urgently needed. How to gather and use them effectively and how to distribute a large amount of product have become the central problem of big manufacturing company. To solve these problems and to improve productivity of a company in an age of intense competition among companies and to motivate many people in large, bereaucratic organisation, management was born. It is not a science but a practical art. The content and study area of management were widely enlarged. The two World-War played a key role in constructing new management. Modern management has evolved to this day in the process of solving serious problems which many, large, industrial company faces. After the World War II it has spread all over the country such as Japan, West Germany in particular. As we mentioned earlier, the important point is that modern management is a product of highly industrial We turn our eyes post-war Japan, the essence of industrial management was introduced from America into Japan. It contributed to manage a big manufacturing company and to build a high-growth economy. This is an age of uncertainty and innovation. Serious two major problems major manufacturing company faces are (1) international competition (2) the creation of new business. To cope with this new situation, new style of management is urgently needed. We call it a "Innovative Management". It involves three innovation in management. 0ne is "Organization Innovation". The second is "Market Innovation". The third is "Technological Innovation". These are closely interrelated. These "Innovation" contribute a creation of new business and conduct a diversification strategy of business. Innovative management is a process of management development and a driving force of company growth and development. The important point is that the essential task of management is always the same, trancending times and national differences. Peter F. Drucker (He has been acclaimed worldwide as the most exciting and forward-looking thinker on the shape, evolution and management of the contemporary business organigation) says in the article^* : "To be sure, the fundmental task of management remains the same : to make people capable of joint performance by giving them common goals, common values, the right structure, and the ongoing training and development they need to perform and to respond to change."
1989-03-10

著者

浜野譲治
呉女子短期大学経営情報学科

<報文>変貌する工業社会と経営学の新たなる課題

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