Gene content, organization and molecular evolution of plant organellar genomes and sex chromosomes - Insights from the case of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha
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概要
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The complete nucleotide sequence of chloroplast DNA (121,025 base pairs, bp) from a liverwort, <I>Marchantia polymorpha</I>, has made clear the entire gene organization of the chloroplast genome. Quite a few genes encoding components of photosynthesis and protein synthesis machinery have been identified by comparative computer analysis. We also determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the liverwort mitochondrial DNA and deduced 96 possible genes in the sequence of 186,608 bp. The complete chloroplast genome encodes twenty introns (19 group II and 1 group I) in 18 different genes. One of the chloroplast group II introns separates a ribosomal protein gene in a <I>trans</I>-position. The mitochondrial genome contains thirty-two introns (25 group II and 7 group I) in the coding regions of 17 genes. From the evolutionary point of view, we describe the origin of organellar introns and give evidence for vertical and horizontal intron transfers and their intragenomic propagation. Furthermore, we describe the gene organization of the Y chromosome in the dioecious liverwort <I>M. polymorpha</I>, the first detailed view of a Y chromosome in a haploid organism. On the 10 megabase (Mb) Y chromosome, 64 genes are identified, 14 of which are detected only in the male genome. These 14 genes are expressed in reproductive organs but not in vegetative thalli, suggesting their participation in male reproductive functions. These findings indicate that the Y and X chromosomes share the same ancestral autosome and support the prediction that in a haploid organism essential genes on sex chromosomes are more likely to persist than in a diploid organism.<BR><BR>(Communicated by Yasuyuki YAMADA, M.J.A.)
著者
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YAMATO Katsuyuki
Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biost
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Ohyama Kanji
Laboratory Of Plant Gene Technology Research Institute For Bioresources And Biotechnology Ishikawa P
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Takemura M
Graduate School Of Biological Sciences Nara Institute Of Science And Technology
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Fukuzawa Hideya
Laboratory Of Plant Molecular Biology Department Of Agricultural Chemistry Faculty Of Agriculture Ky
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Fujisawa Masaki
Central Laboratories For Frontier Technology Kirin Holdings Co. Ltd.
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Ohyama Kanji
Laboratory Of Plant Molecular Biology Department Of Agricultural Chemistry Faculty Of Agriculture Ky
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Ohyama Kanji
Dept.agric.chem. Fac.agric. Kyoto Univ.
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Kohchi Takayuki
Laboratory Of Plant Molecular Biology Department Of Agricultural Chemistry Faculty Of Agriculture Ky
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Oda Kenji
Research Institute For Biological Sciences Okayama Prefectural Technology Center For Agriculture For
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TAKEMURA Miho
Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University
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NAKAYAMA Sigeki
Plant Genetic Engineering Research Unit, Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
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ISHIZAKI Kimitsune
Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University
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Nakayama Sigeki
Plant Genetic Engineering Res. Unit Div. Of Plant Sciences National Inst. Of Agrobiological Sciences
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KOHCHI Takayuki
Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University
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FUKUZAWA Hideya
Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University
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ODA Kenji
Research Institute for Biological Sciences
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OHYAMA Kanji
Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University
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FUKUZAWA Hideya
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University
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OHYAMA Kanji
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University
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ODA Kenji
Research Institute for Animal Science in Biochemistry and Toxicology
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