Valvular heart disease in Kawasaki syndrome. Incidence and natural history.:Incidence and Natural History
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概要
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It has been reported that Kawasaki syndrome is accompanied with mitral regurgitation or aortic regurgitation in some cases. To elucidate the incidence and the natural history of valvular heart disease in Kawasaki syndrome, we analyzed the patients who were detected to have a new heart murmur after the onset of Kawasaki syndrome. From 1973 to 1988, we have experienced 13 cases with valvular heart disease in 1215 cases of Kawasaki syndrome, 12 cases with mitral regurgitation (1.0%) and one with aortic regurgitation (0.1%). Valvular lesions were confirmed by angiography or pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The age at onset of Kawasaki syndrome, the duration of fever, the maximum erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the incidence of coronary artery lesions in these cases were compared with the same variables in 30 cases of without valvular lesion in Kawasaki syndrome. There were no statistical difference between the cases with valvular heart disease and without valvular heart disease about the age of onset (mean±SD 10.2±12.7 months vs 20.8±18.4 months; N. S.) and the maximum erythrocyte sedimentation rate (87.7±29.0 mm/h vs 87.2±35.6 mm/h; N. S.). Whereas the duration of fever in cases of valvular heart disease was more extended than those without valvular heart disease (20.3±8.1 days vs 10.3±4.3 days ; p<0. 001), and the incidence of coronary artery lesions in the cases of valvular heart disease was significantly higher than those without valvular heart disease (12/13 cases vs 7/30 cases; p<0.001), thus suggesting that the cases of valvular heart disease were subject to a severe case of Kawasaki syndrome. All valvular heart disease appeared within 1 month after the onset of Kawasaki syndrome, except in one case whose heart murmur was noticed 5 years after the onset. The heart murmur disappeared within 2 months after the onset of valvular heart disease in 5 cases, however in another 7 cases, the heart murmur persisted more than 2 years (mean; 5.3 years to date) or one has died of acute congestive heart failure due to mitral regurgitation. All cases with persistent valvular disease revealed mitral or aortic valve prolapse. Our data suggest that the cause of valvular heart disease might be different by the time of onset and duration of valvular heart disease. Valvular heart disease of the early onset and short duration may be caused mainly by pancarditis —especially valvulits—, valvular heart disease of early onset and persistence may possibly develop dysfunction in the valve and papillary muscle due to the sequelae of valvulitis, and valvular heart disease in late onset may be caused by ischemia. We suggest that valvular heart disease in Kawasaki syndrome may be an important cause of acquired valvular disease in children, whereas rheumatic fever has become quite rare condition now.
- 久留米大学医学部 The Kurume Medical Journal 編集部の論文
著者
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Akagi Teiji
Department Of Cardiovascular Surgery Okayama University Graduate School Of Medicine And Dentistry
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Kato Hirohisa
Department Of Cardiovascular Medicine National Center For Child Health And Development
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Sato Noboru
Department Of Anatomy Osaka University Medical School
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Inoue Osamu
Department Of Clinical And Laboratory Medicine Faculty Of Medicine University Of Yamanashi
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KATO Hirohisa
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine
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Inoue Osamu
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toyama University
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