Changes in blood glucose and insulin responses to intravenous glucose tolerance tests and blood biochemical values in adult female Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus)

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The metabolic mechanisms to circannual changes in body mass of bears have yet to beelucidated. We hypothesized that the Japanese black bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) hasa metabolic mechanism that efficiently converts carbohydrates into body fat by alteringinsulin sensitivity during the hyperphagic stage before hibernation. To test this hypothesis,we investigated the changes in blood biochemical values and glucose and insulin responsesto intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) during the active season (August, early andlate November). Four, adult, female bears (5-17 years old) were anesthetized with 6 mg/kgTZ (tiletamine HCl and zolazepam HCl) in combination with 0.1 mg/kg acepromazinemaleate. The bears were injected intravenously with glucose (0.5 g/kg of body mass), andblood samples were obtained before, at, and intermittently after glucose injection. Thebasal triglycerides concentration decreased significantly with increase in body mass fromAugust to November. Basal levels of plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations werenot significantly different among groups. The results of IVGTT demonstrated the increasedperipheral insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in early November. In contrast,peripheral insulin resistance was indicated by the exaggerated insulin response in lateNovember. Our findings suggest that bears shift their glucose and lipid metabolism fromthe stage of normal activity to the hyperphagic stage in which they show lipogenicpredominantmetabolism and accelerate glucose uptake by increasing the peripheralinsulin sensitivity.

Changes in blood glucose and insulin responses to intravenous glucose tolerance tests and blood biochemical values in adult female Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus)

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