Dioecy and Pollination of Morinda umbellata subsp. umbellata (Rubiaceae) in the Ryukyu Islands
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概要
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Sex expression and pollination were examined in natural populations of Morinda umbellata subsp. umbellata (Rubiaceae), a woody climber distributed widely in southeastern Asia, including southwestern Japan. Sex expression of subsp. umbellata was confirmed as being functionally dioecious, with separate staminate and pistillate plants. Staminate flowers had four or five stamens and completely lacked a style and stigma, while pistillate flowers had a style with two stigmatic lobes and four or five abortive stamens, the anthers of which produced no functional pollen grains. The stigmas of pistillate flowers protrude beyond the corolla tube and are positioned above the anthers, whereas anthers of the staminate flowers protrude beyond the corolla tube, indicating that stigma and anther heights appear to be reciprocal between pistillate and staminate flowers. Both flowers produced nectar from the base of the corolla tube, and the nectar volume per flower did not differ significantly between the two sexual morphs. Various unspecialized, opportunistic insects, such as wasps, small bees, hover-flies, bee-flies, beetles, and butterflies, visited the flowers mainly to feed on nectar. Of these, small bees, wasps, hover-flies, and beetles appear to be effective pollinators of subsp. umbellata. The floral and reproductive characteristics of subsp. umbellata were compared with those of subsp. boninensis, which exhibits androdioecy.
- 日本植物分類学会の論文
- 2010-11-30
著者
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Nishide Masato
Makino Herbarium Graduate School Of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University
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Yasuda Keiko
Iriomote Project Research Institute For Humanity And Nature
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Watanabe Kenta
Okinawa National College Of Technology
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Kobayakawa Miwa
Department Of Biology Faculty Of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University
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Sugawara Takashi
Makino Herbarium Faculty Of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University
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Shimizu Akira
Deparment Of Physics Rikkyo University
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Yasuda Keiko
Iriomote Project, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature
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