Study on the Vapor Gas Emissions from Chemical Tanker During Benzene Loading Operation

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International Maritime Organization (IMO) recognized that chronic exposure to benzene vapors in air may cause leukemia even if the concentration is very low, such as a few parts per million. To predict the exposure level of crews, it is necessary to investigate the actual conditions of vapor emission from chemical tankers engaged in benzene transfer operation. Since it is difficult to realize experiments using actual chemical tanker in service, scale model experiment was conducted to estimate the concentration of benzene gas emitted during loading operation. The dimensions of the scale model tank used for the experiments are 0.89m in length, 0.39m in breadth and 0.44m in depth. It is a 1/10 scale of the typical cargo tank placed on the 499 Gross Tonnage chemical tanker which is usually used for benzene transportation in Japan. Three factors affecting the concentration of benzene gas emitted during loading operation are found from the scale model experiments. Primary mechanism of diffusion is one-dimensional molecular diffusion advancing in the vertical direction. The others are eddy diffusion above surface in the initial period of the loading operation and advection under the tank ceiling. A new calculation method including three mechanisms was developed and the result of calculation was compared with the data obtained from onboard measurement. It is found that calculation method described in this paper can predict the concentration of benzene gas emitted during loading operation in terms of order estimation.
独立行政法人海上技術安全研究所の論文
2002-01-26

Study on the Vapor Gas Emissions from Chemical Tanker During Benzene Loading Operation

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