Measurement of ammonia volatilization loss using a dynamic chamber technique : A case study of surface-incorporated manure and ammonium sulfate in an upland field of light-colored Andosol(Environment)

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The present study aimed to elucidate ammonia (NH_3) volatilization loss following surface incorporation (0-15cm mixing depth) of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in an upland field of light-colored Andosol in central Japan. A dynamic chamber technique was used to measure the NH_3 effluxes. Poultry manure, pelleted poultry manure, cattle manure, pelleted cattle manure and ammonium sulfate were used as N fertilizers for basal fertilization to a bare soil with surface incorporation. All three experiments in summer and autumn 2007 and in summer 2008 showed negligible NH_3 volatilization losses following the application of all N fertilizers with the same application rate of 120kg N ha^-1 as total N; these negligible losses were primarily ascribed to chemical properties of the soil, that is, its high cation exchange capacity (283mmol_c kg^<-1> dry soil) and relatively low pH(H_2O)(5.9). In addition, the surface incorporation, the very small ratio of ammoniacal N to total N for the manure, and the decrease in soil pH to≤5.5 following applications of ammonium sulfate were also advantageous to the inhibition of NH_3 volatilization loss from the field-applied N fertilizers.