無償幼稚園における子どもの生活形態と母親教育 : ケート・D・ウィギンの実践を通して

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The purpose of this study is to discuss how effect Emma Marwedel's view of child and child care on great spirit in the work of Kate Dauglus Wiggin, outlining Kate work in the Silver Street kindergarten of San Francisco. Kate Dauglas Wiggin was born in Philadelphia in 1856. After her father died, Kate moved to a small village in Maine. She gave there what she later recalled as an idyllic childhood by her stepfather. In 1876 the family moved to Santa Barbara, California. When her stepfather died, Wiggin turned to teaching to earn for living. She was introduced to the kindergarten by Caroline Severance, and attended Emma Marwedel's training class. Marwedel wished to cultivate children's observation on three students. Wiggin returned to Santa Barbara to teach kindergarten and then moved to San Francisco in 1878 when Emma Marwedel asked her to become the first teacher of the Silver Street Kindergarten. The Silver Street Kindergarten was situated in the slum. It was obvious about Kate Douglas Wiggin's educational practice that she had taken thoroughly to heart Emma Marwedel's teaching that modification in materials and methods must be made but that Froebel's principles were sound to even the point of implementation. Wiggin's writings on the kindergarten were collected in the book Children's Rights. In it she states what society's responsibilities ought to be toward the children. She stated five basic rights to which she thought all children should be entitled and provided detailed descriptions of these rights and what mothers should do to meet them. First, like Marwedel, Wiggin thought children should have the right to be "well born". Second, she thought children should have the right to protected and unhurried childhood. Third, every child should have the right to a place of his own with appropriate surroundings which have some relation to his size, desires and capabilities. Fourth, children should have the right to fair discipline. They should be taught and governed by the same laws under which they would eventually live. Last, children should have the right to expect examplesof good behavior from their parents. To fulfill all these rights for their children, the mothers needed to be trained by kindergarten teachers and others. By historically tracing the above-mentioned Emma Marwedel and Kate Dauglas Wiggin's work, we would have a better understanding the form of child's living and mother's education in the free kindergarten.
鳴門教育大学の論文

無償幼稚園における子どもの生活形態と母親教育 : ケート・D・ウィギンの実践を通して

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