Electron Diffraction Study on Nickel Surfaces Tarnished in the Course of Heat-Treatment in Hydrogen
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概要
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When nickel plates for vacuum tubes are annealed in hydrogen gas at 900〜1000℃ in the process of production, their surfaces often tarnish and show milk-white appearance, which considerably lowers their commercial value. In order to infer the cause of this tarnishing, six kinds of plates were selected and their surfaces were examined by electron diffraction after heat-treatment. Milk-white surfaces generally gave diffuse rings which were entirely different from the nickel pattern. Three specimens did not alter their appearances after the treatment. One of them gave a few diffuse rings and elongated spots, while the other two, one of which was made in U.S.A., yielded many comparatively sharp rings. According to our analyses, the rings obtained from the two milk-white surfaces were due to (Mg, Ca) SiO_3 and NiO, and those from the two lustrous surfaces beloriged to nickel and Mg_2SiO_4 in one case and to nickel, MnO, MnS and NiO or to nickel, Mg_2SiO_4, MnO and NiO in the other case. From the fact that a greater part of diffraction rings of the milk-white surfaces could be explained as being due to (Mg, Ca) SiO_3, It was concluded that the tarnishing was due to silicates of light metals. Silicates like (Mg, Ca) SiO_3 and Mg_2SiO_4 must be removed during melting, and if a small quantity of them remains and even though disperses over the whole material, it may gradually aggregate in grain boundaries at the heat-treatment, which finally causes the tarnishing of surfaces.
- 東北大学の論文
著者
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Watanabe Denjiro
The Research Institute For Iron Steel And Other Metals
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Ogawa Shiro
The Rcsearch Institute For Iron Steel And Other Metals Tohoku University
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Watanabe Denjiro
The Rcsearch Institute For Iron Steel And Other Metals Tohoku University
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Ogawa S.
The Research Institute for Iron, Steel and Other Metals Tohoku University
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Watanabe D.
The Research Institute for Iron, Steel and Other Metals
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Ogawa S.
The Research Institute for Iron, Steel and Other Metals
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