8. Studies on Deformation and Cracking in One Sided Welding

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These days, automatic one sided welding methods are universally employed at ship building yards to rationalize large size plate joining processes. Since when this method was first employed, however, it had been known that cracks occur remarkably often near the end of welded joint. Through the studies for this occurrence, it has been found that this end cracking is a solidification crack which is a sort of hot crack. For the solidification crack, studies have been proceeded in relation between high temperature ductility curve of a welded metal and strain or displacement curve caused on welded metal during the solidifying process, and it has been said that a crack occurs when these curves cross each other. The authors analyzed, first of all, deformation of the plate during one sided automatic welding by applying a free edge boundary correction to the analytical solution for stress distribution due to moving line heat source in an infinite plate using a finite element method. As the second step, the authors compared behavior of displacement obtained by one sided automatic welding experiment with that obtained by calculation to examine propiety of the displacement calculation by this analysis method. For the third step, the authors tried to estimate transverse strain value in the middle cross-section of the welded bead in the vicinity of the plate end from the displacement of the plate during the welding based on the thermal elastic-plastic increment theory under uni-axial stress. Finally, the authors estimated length and position of end cracking by using both the result of the above calculation and high temperature ductility curve obtained by a Trans-Varestraint test. As the result of the comparisons of the shape and position of end cracking estimated by these analyses with the actual end cracking obtained through the experiment of one sided automatic welding, fairly well coincidence was observed.
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8. Studies on Deformation and Cracking in One Sided Welding

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