ヒメハナバチ科花蜂 14 種の訪花性 : 日本産花蜂の生態学的研究 XIV

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Flower-visiting habits of 14 species of Andrenid bees were examined in Sasayama basin, Hyogo Pref., in 8 years, 1952-1959. Andrenid bees appear in the field from March to June and numerous species of them make the flower-visiting activities from April to May. Some species of them are evidently pioneers among all other bees. They appear firstly in early spring and visit flowers of Salix Yoshinoi, the first blossom in the field. The flowervisiting periods and seasonal transitions of individual number of each species are shown in Fig.1. Table 1 shows the number of flower species visitedby them in each month. The request in flower-visiting of Andrenid bees were examined with special reference to the grade of ovary development. In general, female bees emerge with undeveloped ovaries and visit flowers for nectar sucking and pollen eating, that is the request type of preparation period of ovary development. About 10 days after appearance, they begin nidification for oviposition and change into the complete form of request in flower-visiting. On the other hand, male bees visit flowers only for nectar sucking and pollen eating or for copulation. The flower species visited by each species of Andrenid bees are shown in Table 2. The species which visited relatively numerous kinds of flowers were A. opacifovea, A. subopaca, A. knuthi, A. hebes, A. nipponica and A. watasei. Among these, A. opacifovea was the most dominant visitor. On the other hand, the flowers dominantly visited by Andrenids were Brassica campestris subsp., Taraxacum plalycarpum, Salix Yoshinoi and Ranunculus acris var. from March to May. In Table 3 are summarized the flowering plants dominantly visited by each species. Generally, the flowers of cultivated Brassica campestris subsp. was visited predominantly by nearly all species except 4 species of A. knuthi, A. prostomias, A. tsukubana and P. crawfordi. A. knuthi showed a different preference to flowers as compared with its relatives in the same season. The species visited mostly the flowers of Taraxacum plalycarpum, Pieris hieraeioides var. and Ranunculus acris var. A. prostomias and A. tsukubana appeared in June and visited only the flower of Deutzia crenata. Their nesting period well coincides with the flowering period of Deutzia crenata and they are considered to be an oligolectic species. It seems that the flowers belonging to Cruciferae, Rosaceae, and Compositae are prefered by Andrenid bees as shown in Table 4. No preference was shown to the flowers of Leguminosae which are known to be visited predominantly by the bees of Apidae and Megachilidae. Colors of flowers visited by 14 species of Andrenids are able to be arranged, according to the dominance order, such as yellow>white>red>reddish purple>blue>purple. To concern the value of Andrenid bees as visitor, examination were carried out with 8 representative flowering plants during April-June of 1955-1957, and the following results were obtained. The flowers of Brassica campestris subsp. were visited by 37 species of bees including 12 species of Andrenids. Among these visitors, A. opacifovea was the most dominant visitor to it. The flower of Taraxacum plalycarpum were visited by 21 bee species including 8 species of Andrenids. Among 21 species, A. knuthi was the most dominant visitor to it. The flowers of Ranunculus acris var. were visited by 19 species of bees including 3 species of Andrenids. A. subopaca and A. knuthi in these 19 species were the most dominant visitors to it. The flowers of Deutzia crenata were visited by 15 species of bees including 3 species of Andrenids. A. tsukubana and A. prostomias among 15 species were the predominant visitors to the flowers. As shown above, Andrenid bees were the most dominant visitors to the flowers of Brassica campestris subsp. (Cruciferae), Taraxacum plalycarpum (Compositae), Ranunculus acris var. (Ranunculaceae), and Deutzia crenata (Saxifragaceae). On the contrary, the following 4 flower species were not visited dominantly by Andrenid bees. The flowers of Cirsium japonica in June were visited by 8 species of bees including none species of Andrenid bees. The flowers of Rosa multiflora in June were visited by 12 species of bees including only species of Andrenid. These results may be attributed to discrepancy between the flowering periods of Cirsium japonica and Rosa multiflora and active periods of most species of Andrenids. Regarding 2 other flowers belonging to Leguminosae, Trifolium repens was visited by 15 species of bees including none of Andrenid, and Astragalus sinicus was visited by 19 bee species including only species of Andrenid. The results may show no preference of Andrenid bees to flowers of Leguminosae.
日本昆虫学会の論文
1960-07-10

ヒメハナバチ科花蜂 14 種の訪花性 : 日本産花蜂の生態学的研究 XIV

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