日本人青少年の発育・発達の傾向と問題点

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Statistical surveys on the physique of Japanese young people have indicated that the height of individuals began to increase steadily around 1910, that this trend became clearer between 1920 and 1940, and that the rate of increase became very large after 1948. The acceleration rate associated with reconstruction after the Second World War was extremely large, especially in adolescents aged 13-17years. In fact, the rapid rate of post-war acceleration in Japan did not slow down even after the completion of reconstruction in about 1961. However, statistical evidence in recent years has suggested signs of a slowing down in the acceleration rate of height of 13-year-old males since about 1977, but this is not the case with regard to weight. The mean height of 13-year-old males, for example, was 156.6 cm in 1977, and 158.8 cm in 1990, and the weight of 17-year-old males was 59.5 kg in 1977, and 62.0 kg in 1990. Namely, the increase in mean values for modern Japanese young people has been more conspicuous for body weight than for height in the last decade. However, the adolescent growth spurt in height and weight has not come earlier. Furthermore, modern Japanese young people have a larger body fat mass per unit body weight compared with 10 years ago. In our highly industrialized and automated society, obesity is closely related to inactivity and overnutrition. Most studies have indicated that modern Japanese young people show significant in-feriority in many parameters of physical fitness compared with the mean values 10 years ago. However, most of these studies have suggested that an imbalance between physique and physical fitness is more apparent in modern Japanese young people. Nevertheless, the physical fitness of young people who perform more daily exercise is higher than that of individuals lacking in exercise. This seems to support the hypothesis that the inferiority of physical fitness in modern young people is merely based on appearance, and that they have a sufficient potential capacity corresponding to their well developed body size. This potential capacity should be exhibited when appropriate physical training is given. The amount of physical activity in Japanese daily life is generally decreasing, while energy supplied by food is relatively excessive, and the adverse effect of this trend on health is anticipated. Although the relation between health and exercise has not been fully elucidated, it has been demonstrated that lack of exercise triggers hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipemia, and that appropriate exercise reduces risk factors, and may be effective for curing of these diseases. There is no doubt that a certain level of physical fitness is indispensable for maintaining health. Modern Japanese young people must correct the imbalance between physique and physical fitness and perform daily exercise for maintaining and promoting health.
久留米大学の論文
1993-04-01

日本人青少年の発育・発達の傾向と問題点

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