Production and Consumption of Hydrogen in Hot Spring Microbial Mats Dominated by a Filamentous Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacterium
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概要
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Microbial mats containing the filamentous anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aggregans develop at Nakabusa hot spring in Japan. Under anaerobic conditions in these mats, interspecies interaction between sulfate-reducing bacteria as sulfide producers and C. aggregans as a sulfide consumer has been proposed to constitute a sulfur cycle; however, the electron donor utilized for microbial sulfide production at Nakabusa remains to be identified. In order to determine this electron donor and its source, ex situ experimental incubation of mats was explored. In the presence of molybdate, which inhibits biological sulfate reduction, hydrogen gas was released from mat samples, indicating that this hydrogen is normally consumed as an electron donor by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Hydrogen production decreased under illumination, indicating that C. aggregans also functions as a hydrogen consumer. Small amounts of hydrogen may have also been consumed for sulfur reduction. Clone library analysis of 16S rRNA genes amplified from the mats indicated the existence of several species of hydrogen-producing fermentative bacteria. Among them, the most dominant fermenter, Fervidobacterium sp., was successfully isolated. This isolate produced hydrogen through the fermentation of organic carbon. Dispersion of microbial cells in the mats resulted in hydrogen production without the addition of molybdate, suggesting that simultaneous production and consumption of hydrogen in the mats requires dense packing of cells. We propose a cyclic electron flow within the microbial mats, i.e., electron flow occurs through three elements: S (elemental sulfur, sulfide, sulfate), C (carbon dioxide, organic carbon) and H (di-hydrogen, protons).
- 2012-09-01
著者
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Matsuura Katsumi
Department Of Biology Faculty Of Science Tokyo Metropolitan University
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Haruta Shin
Department Of Biotechnology Graduate School Of Agricultural And Life Sciences The University Of Toky
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Everroad R.
Department Of Biological Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University
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OTAKI HIROYO
Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University
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Matsuura Katsumi
Department Of Biological Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University
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Haruta Shin
Department Of Biological Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University
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Otaki Hiroyo
Department Of Biological Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University
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MATSUURA KATSUMI
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University
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