冬季の気温が落葉果樹の休眠に及ぼす影響(第3報) : 冬季の低温遭遇時期がモモ及びカキの幼樹の春季の展芽伸長に及ぼす影響

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概要

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• Young trees of peach (var. Okayamawase) and Japanese persimmon (var. Hiratanenashi), kept in the warm chamber (6-11°C) during winter (Nov. 20 to Mar. 20), were treated with chilling tempera-ture for 15 or 30 days by moving them into the cold .chamber (-1-0°C) at various stages of their dor-mancy (from Dec. 7, 16, Jan. 6, 16 or Feb. 5). Bud-opening and shoot- and root-growth of the treated trees were compared with those of the trees which were kept in the warm chamber or in the open throughout the winter. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The buds on the chilled trees opened 6 to 11 days earlier than those on the non-chilled trees. Also, the treatment increased the number of opened buds and promoted the shoot growth. The 30 days treatment was more effective than the 15 days treat-ment. As to the date of the treatment, the January treatments were most effective, the December treat- ments came to the next, and the February treatment was least effective. It was most desirable for break-ing dormancy of peach trees to chill for 15 to 30 days during late December to late January. In Japanees persimmon, the chilling treatment for 15 days promoted bud-opening and shoot growth, while the treatment for 30 days retarded them. Chilling requirement of persimmon trees seemed to be less that of peach trees. Even the trees kept in the warm chamber throughout the winter opened their bud normally and maintaind their apical dominancy. 2. In Kochi, it is generally cold, and daily mi-nimum temperature falls down to 0° or below 0°C from middle January to middle February. The date of the onset of this cold period seems to be a little late for breaking effectively the dormancy of peach trees, while it is not the case for persimmon trees. Peach trees show little or no ‘prolonged dormancy’ in the year when the cold period comes earlier. The effectiveness of the chilling temperature for breaking the dormancy of fruit trees seems to vary with the date of its onset.

• 園芸学会の論文

著者

• 吉村 不二男

  高知大学農学部

• 浦原 哲郎

  高知大学農学部

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