Symptoms and Spread of a New Die-Back and Canker Disease of Tea Giving Heavy Damages Especially on Black Tea Variety "Benihomare" in Japan
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概要
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1. A new die-back and canker disease occurred and has been giving heavy damages recently on tea plant, especially on "Benihomare" which is the best variety for black tea in Japan.<BR>The disease shows wide range of symptoms, killing from only slender twings to the whole tea plant.<BR>Most severe damage is brought, of course, when the collar part of the plant is attacked and killed. In such case, symptoms of the disease seem to be divided generally into three types.<BR>Type A: All stems are attacked and killed, whole tea plant become to be decayed.<BR>Type B: The dead part is limitted in one or two stems, unaffected part continues to grow.<BR>Type C: The dead part gradually expands from stem to stem, but new sprouts come out from root, grow and fatten so quickly, that the tea plant as a whole remains undecayed.<BR>2. Fruit bodies of such fungi as Guignardia sp., Nectria sp., Cryptospora sp., Diaporthe sp., Leptosphaeria sp., Macrophoma sp., Pestalotia spp., Patellaria sp., and Phomopsis sp. were found on diseased twigs or stems occasionally but not so often.<BR>Some of these fungi were described as causal fungi of twig or stem diseases of tea plant by PETCH and HARA. But no one fungus was found to associate commonly with the "Benihomare" die-back and canker disease.<BR>3. Any evidence was not seen that the infection through the wound of twigs by plucking occurred.<BR>4. There seemed to be two or three causes which act to kill twigs of tea plant. It was observed that about 50% of twigs bearing infected leaves of Japanese Exobasidium blight (Exobasidiun reticulatum) died. The death initiated from the part where infected leaves attached.<BR>The role of the Exobasidium reticulatum to the death of twigs was uncertain.<BR>5. The death of twigs seemed to be limitted only to slender twigs. In no case, the death developed to stems and killed the whole plant. The death of whole plant may occur only when the collor part was attacked and killed.<BR>6. The damage caused by the disease fairly increased year after year, but no tendency was found that the disease spread from a part of the field to surroundings as seen in other plant diseases.
- 日本茶業技術協会の論文
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