Anesthetic and Cardiopulmonary Effects of Total Intravenous Anesthesia Using a Midazolam, Ketamine and Medetomidine Drug Combination in Horses
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概要
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The anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of midazolam, ketamine and medetomidine for total intravenous anesthesia (MKM-TIVA) were evaluated in 14 horses. Horses were administered medetomidine 5 μg/kg intravenously as pre-anesthetic medication and anesthetized with an intravenous injection of ketamine 2.5 mg/kg and midazolam 0.04 mg/kg followed by the infusion of MKM-drug combination (midazolam 0.8 mg/ml-ketamine 40 mg/ml-medetomidine 0.1 mg/ml). Nine stallions (3 thoroughbred and 6 draft horses) were castrated during infusion of MKM-drug combination. The average duration of anesthesia was 38 ± 8 min and infusion rate of MKM-drug combination was 0.091 ± 0.021 ml/kg/hr. Time to standing after discontinuing MKM-TIVA was 33 ± 13 min. The quality of recovery from anesthesia was satisfactory in 3 horses and good in 6 horses. An additional 5 healthy thoroughbred horses were anesthetized with MKM- TIVA in order to assess cardiopulmonary effects. These 5 horses were anesthetized for 60 min and administered MKM-drug combination at 0.1 ml/kg/hr. Cardiac output and cardiac index decreased to 70-80%, stroke volume increased to 110% and systemic vascular resistance increased to 130% of baseline value. The partial pressure of arterial blood carbon dioxide was maintained at approximately 50 mmHg while the arterial partial pressure of oxygen pressure decreased to 50-60 mmHg. MKM-TIVA provides clinically acceptable general anesthesia with mild cardiopulmonary depression in horses. Inspired air should be supplemented with oxygen to prevent hypoxemia during MKM-TIVA.
著者
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WIJAYATHILAKA Tikiri
Department of Animal Production and Health
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Taguchi Kiyoshi
Department Of Large Animal Clinical Sciences School Of Veterinary Medicine Rakuno Gakuen University
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Yamashita Kazuto
Department Of First Veterinary Surgery Rakuno-gakuen University
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Muir William
Department Of Animal Sciences Room G405 Lily Hall Purdue University
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UMAR Mohammed
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Environment Systems, Rakuno Gakuen University
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TAGUCHI Kiyoshi
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
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KUSHIRO Tokiko
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University
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KUSHIRO Tokiko
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
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YAMASHITA Kazuto
Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
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