HB Vaccination in the Prevention of Viral Reactivation in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients with Previous HBV Infection

概要

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HBV-reverse seroconversion (RS) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a frequent late-onset complication in recipients with previous HBV infection. We conducted post-transplant HB vaccine intervention in 38 allo-HSCT recipients with previous HBV infection. Firstly, we followed the recipients without any intervention (historical control) until 2003; hence we commenced HB vaccination. Out of the patients who underwent transplantation after 2003, 13 recipients were immunized by a standard 3-dose regimen after immunosuppressant cessation (vaccine group), while 12 recipients were observed without any intervention (non-vaccine group). Eight of the 13 historical control group recipients and 3 of the 12 non-vaccine group recipients, but none of the 13 vaccine group recipients, suffered HBV-RS. Cumulative risks of HBV-RS at 3 years post-HSCT in the historical control, non-vaccine and vaccine groups were 41%, 39% and 0% respectively (P = 0.022). We therefore conclude that intervention with HB vaccines is significantly effective in preventing post-HSCT HBV-RS.
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