N_2O emissions during the freezing and thawing periods from six fields in a livestock farm, southern Hokkaido, Japan(Environment)

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In many countries, high nitrous oxide (N_2O) emissions have been observed during soil freezing and thawing periods. Quantification of those emissions is crucial to evaluate annual N_2O emissions. For this study, we measured N_2O and nitric oxide (NO) fluxes along with soil N_2O concentrations at a corn (Zea mays L.) field and five grasslands (Phalaris arundinacea L. and Phleum pratense L.) during a winter-spring period in southern Hokkaido, Japan. We also measured denitrification activities of the soils from those sites. During the observation period, the soils froze to a maximum depth of 370mm under saturated conditions and the lowest soil temperature at a 50mm depth was -4.5℃. After 6 March 2005, daily air temperature rose above 0℃, but the soil temperature remained approximately 0℃ for about two weeks. These two weeks were defined as the "transition period," while the periods before and after the transition period were defined as the "freezing" and the "thawing" periods, respectively. During the freezing and transition periods, N_2O concentration increased in the frozen soils relative to the unfrozen soils, and the highest values were observed in the frozen soils during the transition period. During the thawing period, the N_2O concentration in the soils decreased. N_2O emissions were much higher during the thawing period than during the freezing and transition periods, and remarkably higher N_2O emissions were observed at the corn site compared to those at the grassland sites. NO emissions were also observed during the thawing period but at much lower levels than N_2O emissions at all the sites. N_2O-N/NO-N ratio exceeded one at all the sites during the entire period, indicating N_2O production through denitrification. At the corn site, denitrification activity was much lower and N_2O/(N_2O+N_2) was much higher than at the grasslands. The result indicated that high N_2O emissions at the corn site were caused by complementary processes: (1) high accumulated N_2O through denitrification in the frozen soil during the freezing and transition periods, and (2) low N_2O reduction rate during the thawing period.
一般社団法人日本土壌肥料学会の論文
2012-04-00

N_2O emissions during the freezing and thawing periods from six fields in a livestock farm, southern Hokkaido, Japan(Environment)

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