パーソナリティとイデオロギー : その研究史

概要

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The problem of the relationship between political ideology and personality structure has been discussed for a long time. It's significance, however, has not been realized until recently. The political ideologies which underlie various social movements in modern mass society, e. g. Nazism, do not yield to orthodox rationalistic analysis. E. Fromm emphasized, in his Escape from Freedom, the importance of the role of the social character. He explained the mysterious attractiveness of Nazi-ideology through his concept of the social character, from the viewpoint of dynamic psychiatry and social psychology. Such microscopic approach changes the irrational into the rational. It is necessary to take microscopic viewpoint into consideration to understand the modern political movement and mass ideology. This paper is a historical review of such microscopic approaches of the political ideology, that is, dynamic theories of political personality and ideology. Freudism, especially, it's theory of personality dynamics and development, is first explained. Then, the theories affected by Freudism, such as, H. D. Lasswell's theory of political personality, E. Brunswik's theory of authoritarian ideology and personality, H. J. Eysenck's theory of the personality correlates of the Tender-Mindedness versus Tough-Mindedness ideology are discussed. More detailed discussion will be presented in the following papers.
東京女子大学の論文